浙江省制药行业典型挥发性有机物臭氧产生潜力分析及健康风险评价

以浙江省4类制药工艺8家大型制药企业排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)为基础,通过国际公认的臭氧产生潜力和健康风险评价指标对制药行业排放VOCs所产生的环境与健康危害进行了初步的评估.结果表明,制药行业排放VOCs的臭氧产生最大潜力介于16.1～79.2 mL.m-3之间,主要贡献物为乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲苯、二甲苯等9种物质,其中4种为VOCs排放特征中的主要污染物.另外,VOCs产生的健康危害主要是苯、环氧乙烷、甲醛及二氯甲烷这4种致癌物造成,占非致癌风险评估值的69%以上,占致癌风险值的100%.此外,通过对排放特征、臭氧产生潜力及健康风险评价比较发现,在制定VOCs排放标准时,特别是控制因子的筛选中不能忽视VOCs所产生的环境与健康危害.

Health Risk Assessment and Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds from Pharmaceutical Industry in Zhejiang Province

In the present study, the main source and characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from pharmaceutical industry in Zhejiang Province were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on these results, the internationally recognized evaluation model for health risk assessment and ozone formation potentials (OFP) was adopted to preliminarily assess the environmental impact and health risk of those VOCs. The results showed that the OFP of VOCs was in the range of 16.1-79.2 mL·m^-3, based on the maximum incremental reactivity. The principal contribution of VOCs was from nine kinds of substances including ethyl acetate, acetone, toluene and xylene, etc. Moreover, the health risk of VOCs was mainly generated from benzene, ethylene oxide, dichloromethane and formaldehyde owing to their carcinogenicity, which could account for more than 69% in the value of non-carcinogenic risk and 100% in the cancer risk. Additionally, according to the comparison of these assessments, the environmental hazards and health risk produced by VOCs could not be neglected during the development of VOCs emissions standards, especially in the screening of the control factors for the standards.