北京市生活垃圾转运站耗能和排污特征及其影响因素分析

利用实际调研得到的北京市生活垃圾转运站2009～2011年3 a平均数据,从垃圾回收量、渗沥液产量、耗水量、耗电量这4个方面分析北京市生活垃圾转运站耗能排污特征及其影响因素,并对分选转运站及压缩转运站的综合耗能排污情况进行了分析.结果表明,北京市不同生活垃圾转运站的耗能排污情况差别很大,单位垃圾回收垃圾量约为12.9 kg·t-1,单位垃圾渗沥液产量约为5.8～49.0 kg·t-1,单位垃圾耗水量约为40.3～156.7 kg·t-1,单位垃圾耗电量约为1.75～5.60 kWh.t-1.虽然分选转运站综合耗能和排污较多,但分选转运站将部分垃圾回收,使垃圾减量化资源化,并将垃圾分为不同物料运往不同垃圾处理场,实现垃圾的优化处理,减轻了垃圾卫生填埋场的负担,延长填埋场的使用期限.

Characteristics and Influence Factors of the Energy Consumption and Pollutant Discharge of Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Stations in Beijing

In this study, we investigated characteristics and influence factors of energy consumption and pollutant discharge (ECPD) of municipal solid waste transfer stations (MSW TSs) in Beijing by assessing four parameters including the amount of waste recycled, leachate production, water consumption and electricity consumption, based on three years' average data of MSW TSs in Beijing obtained through field investigations from 2009 to 2011. Meanwhile, integral performances of the stations with and without garbage sorting capacities (Sorting TS and Compressing TS) were also analyzed. Results showed that MSW TSs in Beijing differ greatly. For each ton of MSW, masses of waste recycled, leachate productions, water consumptions and electricity consumptions generally fall in the ranges of 12.9 kg·t^-1, 5.8-49.0 kg·t^-1, 40.3-156.7 kg·t^-1 and 1.75-5.60 kWh·t^-1, respectively. Despite overall the higher energy consumption and more pollutant discharge than Compressing TS, Sorting TS could achieve waste reduction and reuse by recycling part of the municipal solid wastes, as well as the optimization of process by sorting wastes into different ingredients for corresponding waste disposal plants, which could reduce heavy burdens of landfills and extend their lifespans.