7种树木的叶片微形态与空气悬浮颗粒吸附及重金属累积特征

为揭示树木叶片微形态与吸附空气悬浮颗粒及累积重金属的关系,在淮南市交通繁忙点选择银杏等7种树木进行实验.分析了:①叶片吸附不同粒径空气悬浮颗粒的百分率;②单位叶面积吸附不同粒径颗粒的质量与叶片微形态的关系;③单位叶面积不同粒径颗粒吸附量与重金属累积量的相关性.结果表明,叶片面积小、表皮角质丰富和细胞壁凸凹不平、无表皮毛阻挡、气孔密、气孔口大的树木,属气孔吸附主导型,主要吸附细颗粒物;表皮毛多的树木,属表皮吸附主导型,主要吸附粗颗粒物.7种树木叶片累积重金属除铅外都具显著差异,其中银杏、女贞、香樟对重金属的累积能力较强;7种树木叶片对Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu这5种重金属及总含量的累积与单位面积吸附的可吸入颗粒量呈正相关,d10与d2.5、d10与d1.0、d2.5与d1.0的相关系数分别是0.987、0.971、0.996,达到极显著水平,d2.5/d10、d1.0/d10、d1.0/d2.5的值分别是0.844、0.763、0.822,表明由交通污染产生的颗粒物主要是细颗粒物.

Leaf Micro-morphology and Features in Adsorbing Air Suspended Particulate Matter and Accumulating Heavy Metals in Seven Tress Species

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between tree leaf micro-morphology and features in adsorbing air suspended particulate matter and accumulating heavy metals. Seven tree species, including Ginkgo biloba, at heavy traffic density site in Huainan were selected to analyze the frequency of air particulate matter retainedby leaves, the particle amount of different sizes per unit leaf area retained by leaves and its related micro-morphology structure, and the relationship between particle amount of different sizes per unit leaf area retained by leaves and its related accumulation of heavy metals. We found that the species characterized by small leaf area, special epidemis with abundant fax, and highly uneven cell wall, as well as big and dense stomata and without trichomes mainly absorbed fine particulate matter; while those species with many trichomes mainly retained coarse particulate matter. Accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of the seven species was significantly different except for Pb. Tree species with high capacities in heavy metal accumulation were Ginkgo biloba, Ligustrum lucidum, and Cinnamomum camphora. Accumulation of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and total heavy metal concentration for seven tree species was positively related to the amount of particulate matter absorbed. Correlation coefficients of d₁₀ vs d_2.5, d₁₀ vs d_1.0, d_2.5 vs d_1.0 were 0.987, 0.971, 0.996, respective, and the correlate level was significant. The ratios of d_2.5/d₁₀, d_1.0/d₁₀, d_1.0/d_2.5 were 0.844, 0.763, 0.822, indicating that the particulate matter from traffic was mainly fine particulates.