植物内生菌与宿主关系研究进展

植物内生菌（endophyte）是指存活于健康植物组织内部,而又不引发宿主植物表现出明显感染症状的微生物类群,主要包括真菌、细菌和放线菌。其在植物体中的分布具有普遍性、多样性的特点。在目前研究过的所有植物中均发现有内生菌,它们可存在于植物的根、茎、叶、花、果实等各个部位。研究发现内生菌除了随植物遗传进行传播外,还可通过多种途径对宿主植物进行侵染,比如可以以内生菌体或孢子形式通过变形、吸器、或渗透等途径侵染植物,也可以通过分解植物表皮细胞壁或通过各种自然开口（包括侧根发生处,气孔,水孔等）或伤口（包括土壤对根的磨损,病虫对植物的损害及收割多年生植物造成的伤口等）等传播途经进入植物。内生菌由于与宿主植物长期共处,进而形成了一种复杂、特殊的关系。它们有的是互利共生关系,而有的是无害或微害寄生关系。两种关系可随多种因素变化而相互转化。本文主要从内生菌在宿主植物中的分布特点、侵染特性及与宿主植物共处方式等方面,对近十年来植物内生菌与宿主关系的研究进展进行综述和展望,以期为植物内生菌资源开发研究提供参考。

Research development of the relatioship between plant endophyte and host

The endophytic fungi are a kind of microbe,which live on the health plant tissue and the host with no evidence infected symptom.It is mostly included：epiphyte,bacillus and actinomyces.The characteristic of the distribution is universality and diversity.On the presently research,almost of the plants have the endophytic fungi,which are existed various parts including roots,halms,leaves,flowers and fruits.The researches showed that the endophytic fungi were transmitted not only by the plant inheritance,but also by many other passes.For examples,they invaded the host by transmutation,haustellum,and filter with thalli and spore.And they also could break down the plant cuticle cell wall or through the various nature opening（including the side-root nidus,air hole,and liquid hole）or wound（including the abrasion of the root,the worm harm to the plant and the hurt due to the harvestry of the vivacious plant）to enter into the plant.Resultingly,the endophytic fungi long-term coexist with the host,the relationship between them is very complex and specific.Some relations are mutualism,and some are innocuity or tiny-nocuity.The two kinds of relation-ship will transform with the change of many factors.This report showed the characteristic of the endophytic fungi distributing in the host,and the characteristic of the affection,and the coexisting modes between the fungi and the plant host.It also showed the devel-opment and expectation of the research on the relationship of the endophytic fungi and the plant host in the recent ten years.It was hoped to provide some references to the resource exploitations of the endophytic fungi.