我国南方冰雪灾害的特征与城市救灾对策研究

在对2008年初中国南方所发生的冰雪灾害的损失、影响和成因进行分析的基础上,指出该次灾害具有受灾范围的全面性、灾害过程的发展性和救灾行动的艰难性等特征,阐明冰雪灾害在城市会造成停电停水、交通瘫痪和通讯中断等严重灾情,进而引发断油断粮、物价飞涨和人心恐慌等综合性灾害。通过冰雪灾害对城市救灾行动的总结,指出冰雪灾害给城市政府的深刻启示在于城市规模的急速扩张必须同时加强防灾救灾的软硬件建设,并提出城市必须采取持久开展防灾救灾知识宜传教育、大力加强防灾救灾基础设施建设、科学制订各类灾害的专业性应急预案和努力构建协同联动救灾机制等对策,有效提升城市应对灾害的能力,减少灾害造成的损失。

Characteristics of Snow Disasters in South China and Countermeasures for Urban Disaster Relief

Based on the analysis of the damage, influences and causes of the snow disaster in the beginning of 2008 in South China, it is pointed out that the disaster has such characteristics as covering wide areas, developmental process and difficulty to relieve disaster. Meanwhile, this kind of disasters can bring about power failure, no water supply, traffic paralysis and communication disruption in the cities, and even bring about some comprehensive disasters such as no food supply, inflation and panic. By summarizing the experience in urban disaster relief for snow disasters, it is pointed out that, to improve the anti-disaster ability of cities and reduce the loss, the hardware and software construction for anti-disaster should be strengthened when the cities are rapidly outspread. At the same time, the cities should propagate and educate the anti-disaster knowledge, improve the infrastructure construction of anti-disaster, scientifically devise various kinds of professional emergency plans and endeavor to build the cooperation anti-disaster mechanism.