聚乙烯塑料的生物降解研究

塑料废弃物是目前最严重的固体废物污染问题,它正以每年4 000万t的速度在环境中积累,而塑料在自然界几乎完全不能被生物降解和参加物质循环,所以从不同方式提高其生物降解效率一直是重要的研究方向.本文从聚乙烯塑料的改性及降解预处理、生物降解途径、主要降解微生物及其酶,以及聚乙烯降解后的物理、化学与生物学性质的变化等方面总结了近年来聚乙烯生物降解的研究进展.提出了开拓聚乙烯降解的生物研究种类,分离并克隆能产生活性基团的关键酶及其基因,以及加强无添加剂的聚乙烯降解研究等方面的研究方向.

Biodegradation of Polyethylene

Plastic material is one of the most serious solid wastes pollution. More than 40 million tons of plastics produced each year are discarded into environment. Plastics accumulated in the environment is highly resistant to biodegradation and not be able to take part in substance recycle. To increase the biodegradation efficiency of plastics by different means is the main research direction. This article reviewed the recent research works of polyethylene biodegradation that included the modification and pretreatment of polyethylene, biodegradation pathway, the relevant microbes and enzymes and the changes of physical, chemical and biological properties after biodegradation. The study directions of exploiting the kinds of life-forms of biodegradation polyethylene except the microorganisms, isolating and cloning the key enzymes and gene that could produce active groups, and enhancing the study on polyethylene biodegradation without additive were proposed.