珠江三角洲大气中甲基叔丁基醚的污染特征研究

应用先进的大气采样罐、大气样品预浓缩技术和气相色谱/质谱联用仪器,采取长期观测和加强观测方法详细地研究了珠江三角洲大气环境中MTBE的污染浓度水平及其时空分布特征.结果表明,①目前该地区的工业区、交通区以及居住、商业和交通混合区等大气环境中普遍能够检测出MTBE污染物,长期观测的小时浓度均值变化范围从0～1.250 μg·m^-3,夏季污染较冬季更为严重,高浓度的MTBE污染物主要集中在城区,郊区显著受到上风向城市和周边城市污染源排放的影响.②夏季加强观测期间,广州市区的日均浓度为(1.520±0.370) μg·m^-3,约为其下风向郊区花都测点的7倍和清洁区从化监测点的100倍.城区呈现早晚2个污染物浓度峰值,夜间为平均浓度最低值时段,而郊区夜间反而出现高浓度峰值.③冬季加强观测期间,广州市城区的日均浓度为(0.950±0.240) μg·m^-3,为其下风向郊区新垦测点的3.6倍,出现多个峰谷,城区在18:00～22:00点均具有较高的污染物浓度,郊区则在次日的04:00～10:00点具有相对较高的污染物浓度.④在光照比较弱的时段市区交通干线附近的大气MTBE浓度随着距地面高度增加而降低,而在光照比较强的时段则随着距地面高度增加反而有所上升,反映出市区近地面大气MTBE污染物除了主要来自机动车尾气排放之外,还有明显的大气光化学反应生成的二次污染物来源.

Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) in Atmosphere of the Pearl River Delta, China

The concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its spatio-temporal distribution were researched in atmosphere of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) by sampling with air sampling canisters and analyzing with pre-concentrator and gas chromatograph-mass spectrum instrument. The results showed that 1) MTBE could be prevalently checked in atmosphere of traffic area, industrial area, residential area and commercial area of the PRD, and its range of hourly average concentration in the long-term observation was from 0 - 1.250 microg m(-3), the summer had more serious pollution than the spring, and urban was the central area of high MTBE concentration, and suburban in the downwind was obviously polluted by the urban air. 2) During the enhanced observation in summertime, the diurnal average concentration of Guangzhou urban site was (1.520 +/- 0.370) microg m(-3), which was about 7 times of Huadou site in the downwind of Guangzhou and over 100 times of Conghua site in the background of Guangzhou. In urban, 2 peak values appeared in the period of 10:00 - 12:00 and 16:00 - 18:00 respectively, and the nighttime had the lowest average concentration, but the suburban in the downwind had the peak value in the nighttime. 3) During the enhanced observation in wintertime, the diurnal average concentration of Guangzhou urban site was (0.950 +/- 0.240) microg m(-3), which was 3.6 times of Xinken site in the downwind of Guangzhou. Several peak values appeared on the diurnal variation, the high concentration period of urban was in 18:00 - 22:00, and that of suburban was in 04:00 - 10:00 of the next day. 4) When it was weak sunshine, the concentration of MTBE beside the urban traffic roadside was decreasing with the height increasing, but when it was strong sunshine, it was increasing with the height increasing. So, except the original emission from the automobiles, MTBE still had the secondary pollution sources formed by air photochemical reaction.