武汉市城市化过程中资源环境压力测度与分析

快速城市化对生态环境和资源的剥夺及资源环境对城市化的约束是国内外近年来研究的热点问题。测度城市化过程中对资源环境压力及判别两者间的动态耦合类型对指导健康城市化具有积极意义。首先构建了包含16个子指标的城市化综合指标体系和9个子指标的资源环境压力综合指标体系。采用突变级数法模型计算了城市化综合指数;用熵权法计算了资源环境压力指数。采用灰色系统方法计算了城市化综合指标体系和资源环境压力综合指标体系的关联度。采用一般系统理论,建立了城市化与资源环境耦合模型,对2004~2013年武汉市城市化与生态环境的耦合度及类型进行分析判别。结果表明:(1)武汉市的城市化综合指数逐年增高,尤其是2005~2007年城市化水平的增速较快。资源环境压力综合指数最大值出现在2006年为0.629,最小值出现在2013年为0.452;(2)关联度值在0.480~0.911之间,耦合度大部分都在中等和较强这两个范围中。烟尘排放量与工业总产值、建成区面积、人均用电量、人均GDP和城镇人口规模均表现极强的耦合性(大于0.85)。各城市化子指标中,城镇人口比重与资源环境的关联度最大;在资源环境子指标中,烟尘排放量与城市化水平的耦合作用最强;(3)基于一般系统论(General System Theory)的动态耦合模型反映了城市化-资源环境复合系统的动态反馈过程。从2004~2013年,武汉市经历了协调-冲突-协调-冲突4个阶段。结果显示,武汉市城市化-资源环境复合系统随着城市化的推进,城市化与资源环境的矛盾进一步显现。

ANALYSIS ON RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT PRESSURE IN THE WUHAN URBANIZATION PROCESS

The deprivation of ecological environment and resources by rapid urbanization and the restriction of resources and environment on urbanization are hot issues in recent years.It is of great significance to measure the degree of coordination between urbanization and resource environment and to determine the type of coupling and coordination to guide healthy urbanization.This paper first constructs the comprehensive index system of urbanization and the sub-index of resource and environment pressure,which includes 16 sub-indicators.The abrupt progression method was used to calculate the urbanization comprehensive index.The entropy weight method was used to calculate the pressure index of resources and environment.The gray system method was used to calculate the correlation between the comprehensive index system of urbanization and the comprehensive index system of resources and environment pressure.According to the general system theory,the dynamic coupling model of urbanization and resources and environment is constructed,and the coupling degree and the type discrimination of urbanization and ecological environment in Wuhan from 2004 to 2013 are quantitatively analyzed.The results show:(1) the comprehensive index of urbanization in Wuhan increased year by year,especially in 2005-2007,the urbanization level increased rapidly.The maximum value of comprehensive index of resources and environment pressure appeared in 2006 was 0.629,the minimum value appeared in 2013 was 0.452.(2) The correlation value between the 0.480-0.911,most of the coupling degrees in the medium and strong in the two range.Soot emissions and industrial output value,built area,per capita electricity consumption,per capita GDP,urban population scale performance of the strong coupling (greater than 0.85).Among the urbanized sub-indicators,the proportion of urban population and resources and environment are the most relevant.In the resource and environment sub-indicators,soot emissions and urbanization level of the coupling effect is the strongest.(3) The dynamic coupling model based on general system theory reflects the dynamic feedback process of urbanization-resource environment composite system.From 2004 to 2013,Wuhan has experienced four stages of coordination-conflict-coordination-conflict.The results show that the urbanization of Wuhan City-resources and environment complex system with the advance of urbanization,urbanization and resource environment,the contradiction is further apparent.