基于再野化理论的东北虎豹国家公园发展前瞻——兼评荒野保护思想与实践

建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,是推进“五位一体”总体布局的重大理论与实践创新。通过对荒野保护思想源起、发展历程和实践的梳理,阐述了荒野与自然保护地体系之间的内在关系。在此基础上,着重介绍了再野化理论中的“3C”模型、营养级再野化和“TSD”模型,并运用NVivo对《东北虎豹国家公园总体规划（2017—2025年）（征求意见稿）》进行政策文本分析。《规划》较好地体现了荒野保护思想,符合再野化理念,营养级再野化特征较为显著,但人工干预色彩浓厚,生态再野化特征突出。关注荒野与再野化是城市化、工业化发展到相对成熟阶段的必然要求,国家公园应持续进行再野化实践,为荒野科学与工程发展提供支撑。

Prospect of the development of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park based on the theory of rewilding: Comments on the thought and practice of wilderness protection

Establishing a protected area system centered on national parks is a theoretical and practical innovation to promote the strategy of "Five in One". Through the analysis of the origin, development process, and practice of the thought of wilderness protection, this paper expounds the internal relationship between wilderness and protected area system. On this basis, this paper reviews "3C" Model, trophic rewilding and "TSD" Model in rewilding theory and analyzes the Master Plan of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (2017-2025) (Draft for Comments) with NVivo. The Plan conforms to rewilding theory and reflects the idea of wilderness protection characterized by trophic rewilding. It also involves strong artificial intervention and shows marked features of ecological rewilding. It is an inevitable requirement to place emphasis on wilderness and rewilding when urbanization and industrialization develops into a mature stage. The national parks should continue the practice of rewilding to provide support for the development of wilderness science and engineering.