村域尺度旅游效率空间分异及形成机理——以洛阳市375个旅游村为例

以“人地业”耦合协调、旅游系统为理论基础,构建了乡村旅游效率评价体系,识别并分析影响效率的因素和机理。在此基础上,结合使用洛阳市375个旅游村调研数据、地理数据、交通数据,综合运用地理探测器、Bootstrap-DEA、冷热点分析方法,围绕乡村旅游资源的配置效率、空间格局及形成机理开展实证研究。研究发现：综合技术效率平均值达到0.41,洛阳市乡村旅游效率偏低;旅游综合技术效率高值区具有显著集聚性,高值区分布具有显著的交通指向性;影响综合技术效率及空间分异的主要因素是村域人口密度、地形条件、贫困村因素。从系统论角度揭示系统要素、系统结构、系统间嵌套对村域旅游效率的影响,可为乡村旅游发展要素配置与制度安排提供科学依据。

Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of tourism efficiency at village scale: A case study of 375 tourism villages in Luoyang

Rural tourism is an important part for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Based on the data survey of 375 tourist villages in the city of Luoyang, combined with geographical data and traffic data, this paper uses Bootstrap DEA method, traffic network accessibility algorithm and geographic detector to study the spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of village scale tourism efficiency in Luoyang. Result shows that the correlation between comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency is significantly higher than that between comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency. This suggests that the comprehensive efficiency of rural tourism development is mainly based on the scale efficiency, and the agglomeration of business units has not improved the pure technical efficiency. The high value areas are distributed around Luoyang and Luanchuan and extended along the Zhengzhou-Lushi Expressway and Luoyang-Luanchuan Expressway. The main factors of spatial differentiation of comprehensive technical efficiency are the tourism carrying capacity of the village and poverty-related factors. In the future, the development of village tourism should follow the path of intensive development, give full play to the combined effects of traffic accessibility, natural part of human settlements environment and agglomeration so as to promote the advanced production factors and innovation of business forms, and guide rural tourism from extensive to intensive development. In rural areas, especially in the mountainous areas of western Henan, the market of tourism elements such as land, labor force, science and technology, finance and information has not really been formed, which restricts the allocation of tourism development elements in the most effective way. Furthermore, the agglomeration effect of tourism elements is not significant and the total factor productivity of tourism is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve the comprehensive technical efficiency of rural tourism development, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation of land system, tourism statistics and information system, financial market, social organization, and the cultivation of new farmers and management subjects, so as to give full play to the activation effect of the high-level tourism production factors on the rural tourism resources and elements.