基于随机前沿分析的中国城镇建设用地利用效率研究

建设用地高效利用是促进城镇高质量增长的有效方式之一。借助2009—2016年30个省级单元面板数据,构建了用于城镇建设用地效率测度的“一步法”随机前沿模型,并对效率水平与建设用地投入、污染水平等展开关联比较。结果表明:（1）非期望产出会导致城镇建设用地利用效率损失,研究期内其分别造成东、中、西部效率损失3.77%、7.74%、8.77%。（2）效率分布具有明显的区域非均衡性,东部总体水平最高,而西部最低;且在考虑非期望产出后,不同地区效率值会因污染排放程度的差异而呈现更大分异。（3）高投入、高产出并不一定带来高土地利用效率,较高的污染排放也会造成效率损失。研究结果有助于揭示未来建设用地效率改进的重点与方向。

Research on urban land use efficiency in China based on the stochastic frontier analysis

Efficient utilization of urban land is one of the important ways to promote the high-quality development of cities and towns. Taking the panel data of 30 provincial-levels in China during 2009-2016 as samples, a "one-stage" stochastic frontier production function model is used to measure urban land use efficiency. Then, the correlations between efficiency level, inputs, and pollution emission during land use in various regions of China are further analyzed. Results show that: (1) Undesirable output results in a loss of land use efficiency. During the study period, undesirable output causes 3.77%, 7.74%, and 8.77% declines in the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. (2) Urban land use efficiency shows a significant regional difference. The average efficiency level in the eastern region is the highest, while that in the western region is the lowest. The difference among various regions becomes greater when undesirable output is considered. (3) High input-output level does not necessarily guarantee high efficiency level. A higher pollution emission intensity may cause a greater efficiency loss. The research results help to reveal the focus and direction of the improvement of urban land use efficiency in the future.