“时—空—人”交互视角下的国土空间公共安全规划体系构建

公共安全事件是特定情境下“时—空—人”多要素交互作用时空过程的结果,国土空间公共安全规划和相应的能力建设是应对公共安全事件长期而重要的抓手。在构建公共安全规划中“时—空—人”互动的研究框架基础上,分别对“预防、预警、应急、灾后”四个阶段的相关研究和工作重点进行审视,并在此基础上构建国土空间公共安全规划的内容、技术方法和保障支撑体系。首先,在内容体系方面,与国土空间规划的全国—省—市—县—镇等多层级规划编制体系和全国一盘棋的应急响应机制相适应,开展综合规划与专项规划编制,重点解决面向应对自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等方面的空间、设施、应急等方面的规划和管理问题;在技术方法体系方面,构建和完善公共安全事件的时空要素识别与分析、时空过程模拟与预警分析等方法和技术支撑体系;在保障支撑体系方面,基于时空大数据的新基建建设,构建和完善时空可达的公共安全设施体系和公共安全导向下的社会治理体系。

The framework of public security spatial planning from the perspective of 'Human-Space-Time' interaction

Public security events are the results of the interaction of 'Human-Space-Time' in a specific context. Public security spatial planning and the corresponding administration system are important approaches to deal with the public security events in the long term. Based on the framework of 'Human-Space-Time' interaction in the public security planning, this paper reviews the relevant research about 'prevention, early warning, emergency dispatching, and post-disaster recovery'. On this basis, the framework of content, technical methods and support system of public security spatial planning is constructed. First, the content system should be consistent to the multi-level spatial planning system and the national emergency response mechanism. It is necessary to implement special planning and comprehensive planning, focusing on the problems of the planning and management of space, facilities and emergence response in terms of natural disasters, accident disasters, public health events and social security events. In terms of the technical method system, it is necessary to build and improve the methodological and technical support system of space-time elements identification and analysis, space-time process simulation and early warning of public security events. Last, for the support system, it is necessary to improve the space-time accessibility of the public security facilities system and strengthen the public security oriented social governance, based on the new infrastructure construction such as the space-time big data management system.