西南喀斯特典型区国土空间功能质量评价及耦合协调分析——以广南县为例

城镇、农业和生态功能组成整个国土空间功能系统,分析国土空间功能质量状况,揭示它们的耦合协调关系,是实现国土空间可持续发展的重要基础。为探究西南喀斯特地区国土空间功能的发展状况,分析其质量分布特征,以西南喀斯特典型区广南县为例,基于城镇、农业和生态功能质量评价指标体系的构建,借助综合评价法和探索性空间数据分析法,对国土空间的功能质量与空间特征进行了评估,并利用耦合协调度模型分析了国土空间功能的耦合协调状况。研究发现：（1）城镇和农业功能质量以低值为主,生态功能质量以高值为主,综合功能的高低质量的数量结构较平均,不同功能质量的空间分布存在差异;（2）四种国土空间功能质量均具有正相关性,以“高—高”和“低—低”集聚为主,并呈地域分布差异;（3）喀斯特地区各类功能相互影响较大,低耦合区和高耦合区分布差异显著,在建设用地中耦合度最低;（4）喀斯特地区国土空间功能的耦合协调关系可分为轻度失调、濒临失调、勉强协调和轻度协调,它们的空间分布差异与综合功能质量相似,国土空间功能耦合协调区管控措施的提出可有效推动喀斯特地区国土空间的可持续发展,促进国土空间功能质量的提高。研究结果可为西南喀斯特地区国土空间的均衡发展和优化调控提供参考。

Territorial space function quality evaluation and coupling coordination analysis in typical karst areas of Southwest China: A case study of Guangnan county

Urban function, agricultural function, and ecological function make up the entire territorial spatial function system. Scientifically grasping the quality of regional territorial spatial functions and deeply revealing their coupling coordinated relationships is an important basis for achieving sustainable development of territorial space. In order to explore the development status of territorial spatial functions in karst areas of Southwest China and their characteristics of spatial structures, Guangnan, a typical karst county, was taken as a study area. Based on the construction of urban, agricultural, and ecological function evaluation index systems, the paper evaluated the function quality and its spatial characteristics with the help of comprehensive evaluation method and exploratory spatial data analysis method, used coupling coordinated degree model to examine the coupling coordinated status of territorial spatial functions, and further explored the territorial space development of coordinated development of urban-agricultural-ecological functions. The results showed that: (1) The urban function quality and agricultural function quality showed mainly low values, and the ecological function quality had mainly high values. The low and high values of comprehensive function quality tended to be evenly distributed. And the spatial distribution of different functional qualities was different. (2) The development of all the four territorial spatial function qualities had a positive correlation, which was mainly "high-high" and "low-low" agglomerations, and there were differences in geographical distribution. (3) Territorial spatial functions in karst areas had a great influence on each other, and the distribution of low- and high-coupling areas was significantly different. Of all the functions, the coupling degree was the lowest in the fuction of construction land. (4) The coupling coordinated relationship of territorial space functions could be divided into four levels from imbalance to coordination, and the differences in their spatial distribution were similar to the differences in the territorial spatial comprehensive function quality. The countermeasures of territorial space coupling coordination areas could effectively promote the sustainable development of territorial space for karst areas, and improve the territorial space function quality in karst areas. The results of this research provide references for territorial spatial balanced development and optimized regulation in karst areas of Southwest China.