三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析

以2004～2005年的三峡水库3条主要入库河流(长江、嘉陵江、乌江)中的水文、水质的调查数据为依据,研究了三峡水库入库河流中主要的水文变化特征、氮营养盐的季节性分布规律及其形态组成.结果表明,3条入库河流的流量、流速呈现季节性变化,三峡水库入库河流的主要水文特征值已处于水华暴发的危险范围内,很容易发生水华.3条入库河流中总氮含量年均值都在1.55～2.15 mg/L之间,总体偏高,乌江武隆断面的总氮浓度最高,嘉陵江北碚断面次之,长江朱沱断面最低,并且3条河流丰水期水体中总氮含量均高于枯水期,说明非点源对氮污染影响较大;溶解态无机氮(DIN)是总氮的主要存在形式,而其中又以硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)为主,平均占到DIN的70%以上.氮素污染多以还原态氨氮(NH4 -N)的形式排入水体,经过硝化作用,NH4 -N氧化成亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N),然后再氧化成稳定的NO3--N,并且消耗掉水体中大量的氧.入库河流水体中的NO3--N主要来自农田径流、城市污水、城市径流以及淹没土壤的释放,NH4 -N的来源主要是城市污水、工业废水以及少量的生活垃圾和船舶废水.

Distribution Characters and Their Sources of the Major Input Rivers of Three Gorges Reservoir

According to the survey conducted from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2005, the seasonal characters of nitrogen in the water of input rivers of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were discussed, and the forms and distributions of nitrogen among three major input rivers (Changjiang river, Jialingjiang river and Wujiang river) were studied. The results indicate that some primary hydrologic values of input rivers have seasonal characters, and they are in the danger range, which might bring algal bloom. The average contents per year of total nitrogen are 1.55-2.15 mg/L in the three monitor sections of input rivers of TGR, and Wulong monitor section is more severe than the others. The contents of total nitrogen in abundant water period are much higher than them in low water period, which displays the nonpoint source pollution has far-reaching influence upon total nitrogen. The total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) is the major form of total nitrogen and further nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) is dominant accounting for 70% or more of DIN. Ammoniacal nitrogen is the uppermost input form of nitrogen pollution of input rivers of TGR. Ammoniacal nitrogen was oxidated to nitroso-nitrogen, and then it was oxidated to nitrate nitrogen using up a lot of dissolved oxygen of water. Nitrate nitrogen sources include agricultural runoff, city pollution water, city runoff and slow-releasing from submersed soil, whenas nitrogen-ammonia (NH4(+)-N) origins are city pollution water, industrial pollution water, and a little source of living garbage and bilgewater.