Effects of storage method and duration on the toxicity of marine sediments to embryos of Crassostrea gigas oysters

The objective of laboratory sediment bioassays is to estimate in situ toxicity. This goal is difficult to achieve, as one of the main limitations of sediment toxicity tests is disruption of sediment geochemistry during sampling, handling and preservation. The effects of storage on the estimation of marine sediment toxicity to Crassostrea gigas embryos and larvae were investigated. Three storage methods and four storage periods were compared with three different sediment types contaminated by heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and both contaminants. Freezing and freeze-drying considerably increased the toxicity of decanted sediments and their elutriates as compared to the toxicity obtained with fresh sediments. Concerning the elutriates, the toxicity found with frozen and freeze-dried sediments was correlated with DOC, ammonia and PAH contents. However, the toxicity of fresh sediments kept at 4 degrees C increased with increasing duration of storage and was also correlated with the amount of ammonia in the elutriates.