Reduced birth weight in relation to pesticide mixtures detected in cord blood of full-term infants |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;2. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;3. Department of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China;1. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;2. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;3. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA;1. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;2. College of Public Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University, Institute Building 2-3, Soi Chulalongkorn 62, Phyathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;3. Thai Fogarty ITREOH Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, 7th Fl. Borommaratchachonnanisrisattapat Bldg., Rama 1 Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;5. School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;6. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health – CPHB, The University of Iowa, Suite 300, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;7. Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road – L606, Portland, OR 97239, USA;8. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Claudia Nance Rollins Bldg., Room 2007, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;1. Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;5. Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;1. Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Químicas del Medio Ambiente (LIBIQUIMA), IDEPA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina;3. Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA;2. Department of Child Health Care, Children''s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China;3. Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;4. Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA |
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| Abstract: | Previous research has shown that prenatal exposure to pesticides may be associated with decreased fetal growth. The specific pesticides investigated and results reported across studies have been inconsistent, and there is a mounting need for the consideration of mixtures rather than individual agents in studies of health outcomes in relation to environmental exposures. There are also many individual pesticides that have not been investigated in human health studies to date. We conducted a pilot study in rural Zhejiang province, China, measuring 20 non-persistent pesticides (10 insecticides, 6 herbicides, 3 fungicides, and 1 repellant) in umbilical cord blood of 112 full term (> 37 weeks) infants. The pesticides detected with the greatest frequency were diethyltoluamide (DEET) (73%), a repellant, and vinclozolin (49%), a fungicide. The samples had detectable concentrations for a mean of 4.6 pesticides (SD = 1.9) with a maximum of 10. Adjusting for potential confounders, newborn birth weight was inversely associated with the number of pesticides detected in cord blood (p = 0.04); birth weight decreased by a mean of 37.1 g (95% CI, − 72.5 to − 1.8) for each detected pesticide. When assessing relationships by pesticide type, detection of fungicides was also associated with decreased birth weight (adjusted β = − 116 g 95% CI, − 212 to − 19.2]). For individual pesticides analyzed as dichotomous (detect vs. non-detect) variables, only vinclozolin (adjusted β = − 174 g 95% CI, − 312 to − 36.3]) and acetochlor (adjusted β = − 165 g 95% CI, − 325 to − 5.7]) were significantly associated with reduced birth weight. No significant associations were seen between birth weight and individual pesticides assessed as continuous or 3-level ordinal variables. Our findings from this pilot investigation suggest that exposure to fungicides may adversely impact fetal growth. Exposure to mixtures of multiple pesticides is also of concern and should be explored in addition to individual pesticides. Additional research is needed to establish causality and to understand the function and impact of fungicides and pesticide mixtures on fetal development. |
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