Urinary levels of bisphenol A,triclosan and 4-nonylphenol in a general Belgian population |
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| Institution: | 1. Endocrine Disruptors and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;3. School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;4. P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai 600035, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China;2. Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 314050, China;1. Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;2. Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;1. Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium;2. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;2. Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China |
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| Abstract: | Bisphenol A, triclosan and 4-nonylphenol are among the endocrine disruptors which are widely used in daily products. In this study, we reported total urinary levels of bisphenol A, triclosan and 4-nonylphenol, in order to evaluate the baseline contamination of a general population in Belgium. Bisphenol A and triclosan were detected in respectively 97.7% and 74.6% of the samples examined demonstrating that the general Belgian population is extensively exposed to both chemicals. On the other hand, 4-nonylphenol was not detected in any urine samples analyzed, suggesting either low exposure, inadequate biomarker, or that urine is an inappropriate biological matrix for assessing exposure to nonylphenol commercial mixtures. Geometric mean concentration was determined for bisphenol A at 2.55 μg/l and for triclosan at 2.70 μg/l. No significant difference was observed between levels and gender for both bisphenol A and triclosan. When classified by age, the 20–39 year group showed the highest triclosan levels, while all age groups seemed to be similarly exposed to bisphenol A. Both bisphenol A and triclosan urinary levels were not correlated with creatinine excretion in our healthy population, questioning the relevance of the creatinine adjustment in reporting these chemical levels. Bisphenol A levels in urine of people living in the same home and collected on the same time were fairly correlated, confirming the assumption that dietary intake would be the primary route of exposure. Triclosan urinary levels were not correlated with bisphenol A levels. |
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