Mercury pollution in Wuchuan mercury mining area,Guizhou, Southwestern China: The impacts from large scale and artisanal mercury mining |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China;1. University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 921 Assembly Street, Room 401, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;3. Brooks Rand Instruments, 4415 6th Ave NW, Seattle, WA 98107, USA;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forest University, Lin''an, Zhejiang Province 311300, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, PR China;3. College of Law and Political Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin''an, Zhejiang Province 311300, PR China;4. Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China;1. University Hospital Munich, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Ziemssenstr. 1, d-80336 Munich, Germany;2. University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Department of Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Eduard Wallnoefer Center I, A-6060 Hall i.T., Austria;3. Institute for Technology Assessment and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;5. Medicuss Foundation, Ruko A45, Hypersquare, Jalan Pasirkaliki, Bandung 40114, Indonesia;6. BaliFokus Foundation, Mandalawangi No. 5, Jalan Tukad Tegalwangi, Denpasar 80223, Bali, Indonesia;1. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550002, PR China;2. University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany;3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China;4. CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi''an, 710061, PR China;5. King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;6. University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;7. University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate the environmental impacts from large scale mercury mining (LSMM) and artisanal mercury mining (AMM), total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in mine waste, ambient air, stream water and soil samples collected from Wuchuan mercury (Hg) mining area, Guizhou, Southwestern China. Mine wastes from both LSMM and AMM contained high THg concentrations, which are important Hg contamination sources to the local environment. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in the ambient air near AMM furnaces were highly elevated, which indicated that AMM retorting is a major source of Hg emission. THg concentrations in the stream water varied from 43 to 2100 ng/L, where the elevated values were mainly found in the vicinity of AMM and mine waste heaps of LSMM. Surface soils were seriously contaminated with Hg, and land using types and organic matter played an important role in accumulation and transportation of Hg in soil. The results indicated heavy Hg contaminations in the study area, which were resulted from both LSMM and AMM. The areas impacted by LSMM were concentrated in the historical mining and smelting facilities, while Hg pollution resulted from AMM can be distributed anywhere in the Hg mining area. |
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