生态工程建设背景下贵州高原的植被变化及影响因素分析

基于MODIS-NDVI和气象数据，运用趋势分析、偏相关分析和残差分析等方法，对生态工程建设背景下贵州高原的植被变化及影响因素进行分析，并定量探讨气候因素与人类活动对植被变化的影响。结果表明：(1)2000~2016年期间，贵州高原植被NDVI在空间上呈东高西低的分布特征，高值分布于野生动植物及自然保护区等，低值分布于湿地保护工程区。NDVI总体呈上升趋势，湿地保护工程区、退耕还林工程区等植被覆盖上升速率较快，野生动植物及自然保护区呈略微的下降趋势。(2)植被改善区域(83.74%)分布于研究区边缘及西北部，退化区域(16.26%)分布于研究区中部和东南部，其中退耕还林还草工程区植被改善最为明显，野生动植物保护及自然保护区和速生丰产工程区改善效果较差。(3)从气侯因素分析来看，气温和降水在总体上与NDVI均呈正相关，气温对贵州高原植被生长的影响大于降水。(4) 从人类活动分析来看，人类活动对植被的建设作用强于破坏作用，人类活动正作用（76.68%）主要分布于西北部，负作用（23.32%）集中分布于东南部。植被覆盖增加是气候因素和人类活动共同作用的结果，人类活动对植被的贡献率为75.53%，气候因素为24.47%。

Analysis of Vegetation Variation and Its Influencing Factors in Guizhou Plateau Under the Background of Ecological Engineering Construction

Based on MODIS-NDVI and meteorological data, this paper analyzed the vegetation changes and influencing factors of Guizhou Plateau under the background of ecological engineering construction by using trend analysis, partial correlation analysis and residual analysis. Then quantitatively explore the impact of climate factors and human activities on vegetation. The results show that: (1) During 2000-2016, NDVI in Guizhou Plateau shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west, with high values distributed in the wildlife conservation nature reserve, and low values in wetland protection project areas. The overall NDVI of the study area is on the rise. The wetland protection project area and the returning farmland to forest and grassland project area are rising rapidly, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve is slightly decreasing. (2) The improvement area (83.74%) is distributed in the edge of the study area and the northwest, while the degraded area (16.26%) is distributed in the middle and southeast. Among them, the vegetation improvement of returning farmland to forest and grassland project area is the most obvious, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve and the fast-growing high-yield project area are poor. (3) From the analysis of climate factors, temperature and precipitation are positively correlated with NDVI in general, and temperature has a greater impact on vegetation growth in Guizhou Plateau than precipitation. (4) From the analysis of human activities, human activities have a stronger effect on the construction of vegetation than on destruction. The positive effects of human activities (76.68%) is mainly distributed in the northwest, and the negative effects (23.32%) is concentrated in the southeast. The increase of vegetation is the result of the interaction of climatic factors and human activities. The contribution rate of human activities to vegetation is 75.53%, and the climate factor is 24.47%.