基于DEA-Malmquist模型的湖南省旅游产业效率时空动态演化及影响因素

旅游产业的提质增效是我国经济新常态下旅游科学研究的重要问题之一。基于DEA-Malmquist指数二次分解模型，变系数固定效应回归模型，对2001~2016年湖南省旅游产业效率时空动态、影响因素及形成机理进行探究。主要结论为：(1） 湖南省旅游产业效率逐步提升，主要表现为规模效率驱动综合效率优化发展，全要素生产率以年均10.9%的速度上升，旅游产业集约化经营程度提升较快。(2）旅游产业效率及分解效率显示出明显的圈层集聚特征，表现为一定的距离衰减现象，纯技术效率则呈现出更为显著的“核心—边缘”空间结构。(3）政府宏观调控、信息化水平、对外开放程度等5大因素对旅游产业效率的正向作用较其他因素更为广泛和显著；影响因素存在明显的强度差异和空间异质性，组合方式和复杂程度也有所不同，是造成湖南省旅游产业效率空间分异的主要原因；一般而言，旅游产业效率低梯度区域受复杂因素的交互作用相对较少，高梯度区域所受复杂因素作用的疏密和强度情况更为复杂。

Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Evolution and Influencing Factors of Tourism Efficiency in Hunan Province Based on DEA-Malmquist Model

Quality and efficiency improvement of tourism industry is one of the important issues in tourism science researches under the new normal of China’s economy. Based on DEA-Malmquist index secondary decomposition model and variable coefficient fixed effect regression model, this paper explores the spatio-temporal dynamics, influencing factors and formation mechanism of tourism industry’s efficiency from 2001 to 2016 in Hunan Province. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The efficiency of tourism industry in 14 cities and municipalities in Hunan Province was improving gradually. The main performance is that the scale efficiency drove comprehensive efficiency to realize optimized development, the total factor productivity increased at an average annual rate of 10.9%, and the intensive management level of tourism industry has been improved rapidly. (2) The efficiency and its decomposition of tourism industry present obvious characteristics of concentric agglomeration feature and distance attenuation phenomenon; the pure technical efficiency presents more significant spatial structure of “core-periphery”. (3) The five factors such as government macro-control, informatization level and opening degree have more extensive and significant positive effects on the efficiency of tourism industry than other elements. The influencing factors exist with obvious intensity difference and spatial heterogeneity as well as different compound mode and complexity level. Consequently, there is a significant spatial differentiation characteristic of tourism industry’s efficiency in Hunan province. Generally, the low-gradient districts of the tourism industry’s efficiency are relatively less interacted by complicated elements while the density and intensity of complex factors in the high-gradient districts are more complicated.