山地民族地区旅游流网络结构及流动方式研究——以恩施州为例

恩施州是资源富集的山地民族旅游区，近年来旅游扶贫政策的推广为州内旅游业发展提供了新的机遇。正确理解和把握游客在州内的流动规模、流动方向和流动方式，对政府部门和旅游企业的科学决策和合理规划具有重要意义。通过提取网络游记信息，应用社会网络分析方法和ArcGIS空间分析方法对恩施州旅游流的空间网络结构和流动方式进行分析，研究表明：（1）恩施州旅游流网络结构整体较分散，各旅游节点间流动性不强；（2）恩施市，利川市和鹤峰县是州内旅游流交通集散中心，恩施大峡谷是恩施州旅游流网络的旅游集散中心；（3）恩施大峡谷、恩施土司城、土家女儿城和恩施市区4个节点是恩施州旅游流的核心节点，这4个节点之间联系较为紧密，也是联结其余节点的核心节点；（4）恩施州旅游流季节差异性较为明显，游客量主要集中在夏季和秋季；（5）游客主要选择大巴和自驾在恩施州内进行移动，州内旅游交通线路发展良好，但公共交通仍不能完全满足游客的出行需求；（6）旅游资源供需呈现不匹配特点，游客在州内空间流动较少受旅游节点等级和级别的影响。

Tourist Flow Network and Flow Mode Study in Mountainous Ethnic Area: A Case of Enshi Prefecture

Enshi is a mountainous ethnic tourist area with rich resources. In recent years, the promotion of pro-poor tourism policies has provided new opportunities for the development of the tourist industry of Enshi. A proper understanding of the size, direction and mode of tourist flows in this area is of great significance for government and tourism enterprises to make scientific decisions and rational plans. Drawing on the information offered by online travel notes, this paper investigates the spatial network structure and the transportation mode of the tourist flows in Enshi using social network analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results reveal: (1) The network structure of the tourist flows in Enshi is dispersed with a rather weak mobility of tourists between various tourism nodes. （2) Enshi, Lichuan and Hefeng are three tourist transportation hubs in the area, and the Enshi Grand Canyon is the assembling center of the network of tourism flows in this area. (3) The Enshi Grand Canyon, the Tusi City, the Tujia Girls’ town and the center of Enshi City are four core nodes, which are well connected with each other, of the tourism flows in Enshi. （4) There exist obvious seasonal variations in the tourist flows of Enshi, with the major flows concentrated in summer and autumn. (5) Bus and self-driving are the major transportation modes of tourist flows in Enshi. The tourist traffic lines are well developed in the area, but the public transportation system is still unable to satisfy tourists’ demands. （6) The character of mismatch of supply and demand has been found. The spatial mobility of tourists is rarely influenced by the level of tourism nodes.