长江自然岸线分类划定、空间分布及保护状况研究

自然岸线对维护长江水生动物生长、长江滨江湿地保护具有重要作用,对修复长江生态具有重大意义。通过识别自然岸线的类型,构建长江自然岸线的分类体系,基于遥感影像解译和实地调查,查明了长江自然岸线分布格局与保有现状,长江自然岸线长度4 996 km,自然岸线保有率63%,其中极具生态价值的洲滩湿地岸线保有率为19%,自然岸线主要分布在重庆、湖北、安徽等省(市),整体上中上游地区自然岸线保有率较下游地区高;发现了自然岸线保护在洲滩人工侵占、岸坡水陆交互、保护区岸线利用等方面面临的现状和问题,并提出了自然岸线保护的对策建议,以期为长江大保护战略下的岸线管控与生态修复提供参考借鉴。

Classification,Spatial Distribution and Protection Issues of the Natural Shoreline of the Yangtze River

Natural shoreline plays an important role in maintaining the growth of aquatic animals and protecting wetlands along the Yangtze River. This paper identifies the types of natural shorelines and constructs the classification system of the Yangtze River’s natural shoreline. Based on remote sensing image interpretation and field investigation, find out the distribution patterns of the Yangtze River natural shoreline. The natural shoreline of Yangtze River remains 4996 km. The retention rate of natural shoreline reaches 63%, in which retention rate of the bottomland wetland with extreme ecological value is below 19%. Natural shoreline are mainly distributed in Chongqing Province, Hubei Province, Anhui Province and other provinces. On overall retention rate of natural shoreline in upstream regions is higher than downstream. The problems of artificial encroachment and interaction in shoreline, excessive hardening of embankments and shoreline encroachment in the reserve areas are discovered. Then the countermeasures and suggestions of natural shorelines protection are put forward, so as to provide references for the control of shorelines and ecological restoration of the Yangtze River.