中美页岩气开发环境管理制度的分析与建议

随着页岩气开发技术的突破与发展,我国已成为继美国、加拿大之后第三个实现页岩气工业化生产的国家。而由页岩气开发伴随的地下水污染、生态破坏等环境问题亦不可忽视。本文通过分析中美页岩气开发过程中的环境管理政策、管理模式,提出加快完善我国页岩气开发环境管理体系及环境监管的建议:1)形成页岩气开发全过程环境管理体系;2)强化页岩气开发的区块规划环评,落实生态保护红线和资源利用上线要求;3)规范项目环境影响评价,提高页岩气环境管理要求;4)在制定页岩气开发污染控制相关标准时纳入开采工艺过程的环保管理要求。

Analysis and suggestions on environmental management system for shale gas extraction in China and US

With the breakthrough and development of shale gas extraction technology,China has become the third country after the United States and Canada having the industrial production of shale gas. However,the environmental problems associated with the shale gas extraction,such as groundwater pollution and ecological damage cannot be ignored. By analyzing the environmental management policy and management mode between the United States and China in shale gas extraction,the suggestions for speeding up the improvement of China’s environment management system and environmental regulatory for shale gas extraction were proposed,such as：1）Forming the environmental management system for whole process in shale gas extraction;2）Strengthening the environmental impact assessment of block plan for shale gas extraction,and implement the ecological red line and resource utilization requirements;3）Regulating the environmental impact assessment of construction project,and improving the environmental management requirements for shale gas extraction;4）Incorporating the environmental protection management requirements for extraction process into the pollution control standards for shale gas extraction.