长江经济带旅游生态效率时空演变及其影响因素

旅游生态效率是一种以"最小资源投入和环境破坏,最大经济社会产出"为核心目标,衡量旅游永续发展的重要指标。综合运用基于非期望产出的Super-SBM模型、地理空间分析方法和面板Tobit回归模型探索长江经济带2007～2016年旅游生态效率时空演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究期内,高效率省区主要分布于东部地区,较低效率省区分布广泛,其数量先减少后增加;而低效率省区数量较少,其分布范围总体从长江经济带东部向西部迁移。(2)长江经济带旅游生态效率区域差异性和集聚性均不断缩小,东部、中部和西部3地区内部差异是长江经济带区域差异的主要贡献者。(3)旅游经济规模、旅游产业结构、科技发展水平、城镇化发展水平和政府规制力度对各省区旅游生态效率影响的空间异质性较强。

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Tourism Eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Tourism eco-efficiency is an important index to measure the sustainable development of tourism with the core goal of “minimum resource input and environmental damage, maximum economic and social output”. The Super-SBM model of non-expected output, geospatial analysis method and Panel Tobit regression model are comprehensively applied to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2007 to 2016. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the high-efficiency provinces are mainly distributed in the eastern region. The less efficient provinces are widely distributed, the number of which increased after decreasing; however, the number of inefficient provinces is fairly minor, and their distribution ranges migrate from the east to the west in the Yangtze River Economic Belt generally. (2) Regional differences and agglomeration of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are shrinking, and the interval differences in the eastern, central and western regions are smaller than internal differences, which are the major contributors to regional differences in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. During the study period, the tourism eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt gradually formes an “I-shaped” structure with high value agglomeration in the east and west and low value agglomeration in the middle. (3) The tourism eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is controlled by multiple influencing factors. The spatial heterogeneity of the impact of tourism economy scale, tourism industry structure, scientific and technological development level, urbanization development level and government regulation of tourism eco-efficiency on the spatial and temporal evolution in various provinces and regions is strong.