中国粮食生产中不同类型技术要素投入的时空分异与影响因素

以粮食作物为研究对象，利用核密度函数系统分析 2002~2016 年中国粮食生产中土地节约型与劳动节约型两类农业技术要素投入的时空分异特征，并选用多元线性回归方法分析其影响因素。结果显示：(1)2002~2016 年中国粮食生产农业技术要素投入逐年增加。其中，土地节约型技术要素投入变化较为平稳,劳动节约型技术要素投入则大幅上升。(2)土地节约型技术要素投入高值省份集中在华北地区，低值省份主要分布在南方地区。劳动节约型技术要素投入高值地区主要位于我国北方，其中以东北为最高，低值省份则多分布于西南；劳动节约型技术要素投入增幅高于土地节约型。(3)土地节约型技术要素投入的空间差异呈减小趋势，而劳动节约型技术要素投入的空间差异则显著扩大。(4)耕地经营规模和劳动力转移率对两类型技术要素投入均作用显著。同时，土地节约型技术要素投入还易受种植业比重的影响，而劳动节约型技术要素投入则受劳动力素质和城乡收入差距的影响较大。应施行差别化的农业发展政策，提高技术要素投入的效用水平，促进农业生产率的整体增长。

Spatiotemporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Technical Inputs in Grain Production in China

The kernel density function is used to analyze the spatio-temporal differences of land-saving and labor-saving agricultural techniques’ input in China’s grain production from 2002 to 2016. And multiple linear regression method is used to analyze the influencing factors. The results show that: (1)The input of agricultural techniques in China’s grain production increased year by year. Among them, the input of land-saving techniques have increased relatively smoothly, while the input in labor-saving techniques have increased substantially. (2)Provinces with higher input of land-saving techniques are concentrated in North China, while distributed in southern regions with low value. High-value areas of labor-saving techniques are mainly in the north of China, with Northeast being the highest, and provinces in the southwest being lower; the growth rate of the labor-saving techniques investment is higher than the land saving type.(3)The spatial differences in the input of land-saving techniques are decreasing, while the spatial differences in the input of labor-saving techniques are significantly increasing. (4)The input of both types of techniques is significantly affected by the scale of cultivated land, labor transfer rate. At the same time, the input of land-saving techniques is easily affected by the proportion of planting industry, while the input of labor-saving techniques is greatly affected by the quality of labor and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Differentiated agricultural development policies should be implemented to increase the utility level of input of techniques and promote the overall growth of agricultural productivity.