山水林田湖生命共同体健康评价——以红枫湖区域为例

了解、掌握山水林田湖生命共同体健康情况能为共同体修复工作提供参考。以红枫湖所在地为研究区，借鉴VOR生态模型建立山水林田湖生命共同体健康评价的SC模型。评价体系中27个指标等级设定参考国际、国家行业标准、相关文献，未有明确标准的指标采取标准化或者自然断点发划定等级，权重采用AHP确定。结果表明：（1）研究区山水林田湖生命共同体健康整体属于亚健康状态；（2）因2010年百年一遇大旱，生命共同体健康（H）指数在2010年最低；（3）山的基本状态指数与评价其他子系统基本状态的多个指标存在相关性；（4）生命共同体基本状态（S）指数与林、湖强度相关；（5）2005～2015年H指数增加得益于湖的基本状态得到改善。以相关性分析结果与实地实施的方针政策相结合，确定影响生命共同体健康的主要因子有地形地貌、极端雨量、水利工程以及生态环境保护措施。最后，从重点湖泊区保护、水库生态环境优化、抗旱防汛水利工程实施、重点工业区、土地开发建设、水土流失治理等5个方面提出生命共同体健康维护建议。

Life Community Health Evaluation of Mountains,Rivers, Forests,Farmland and Lakes——Taking Hongfeng Lake as an Example

It can provide reference for community restoration to master the health situation of life community of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland and lakes. This paper, taking the Hongfeng lake as the research object, established SC model which defined as HI (ecosystem health) = V·O·R to evaluate the health of life community. 27 index levels in the evaluation system were set by referring to international and national industry standards, relevant literatures, while some indexes without clear standards were defined by standardized or natural break method. And the weightiness of the index system was confirmed by the AHP method. The results showed that: (1) the health of life community in research area belongs to a sub-health state, (2) the H index was lowest due to hundred-year drought in 2010, (3) there was a correlation between the basic state index of mountains and come indexes of other subsystem state, (4) the basic state (S) index of life community was related to the intensity of forests and lakes, and (5) the increase of H index was attributed to the improvement of the basic state of the lake from 2005 to 2015. In conclusion, the main factors affecting the health of the life community were identified as topography and geomorphology, extreme rainfall, water conservancy projects and ecological protection measures. Finally, some suggestions were given on health maintenance of life community from five aspects of protection of key lakes, optimization of the ecological environment of reservoirs, implementation of flood control and drought resistance water conservancy projects, development and construction of key industrial areas and the treatment of water and soil loss.