日美地震灾害紧急对应对中国灾害应急体制建立的启示

通过对美国1994年洛杉矶北岭地震反1995年日本阪神大地震时日美政府的地震灾害紧急应对过程,尤其是地震后的24小时内政府的初期对应,分析了日美地震灾害应急体制的特征,并就如何建立和完善中国灾害应急体系做了探讨。日美政府之所以在大地震发生时能有效地进行了紧急应对,在于健全的灾害应急体制。中国正处于经济和社会高度发展时期,面对各种各样的灾害和事故,要真正将灾害的损失降低到最低程度,必须尽快建立和健全以灾害应急规划体系、防灾情报系统、应急救灾指挥系统和专业化灾害援助队伍体系等为主的灾害应急管理体制。

Establishment of the Emergency Response System of China by Referring to Earthquake Disaster Emergency Systems of Japan and USA

The characteristics of the emergency response system of Japan and USA were analyzed in thispaper based on the 1994, Los Angeles Northridge earthquake and the 1995, Hanshin-Awaji earthquake es-pecially the govenmental responses in 24 hours after earthquake. A good emergency system and immediatedisaster information and urgent rescue system are crucial to the success of emergency countermeasure a-gainst earthquake disaster in Japan and USA. Because of rapid development of economy and culture in China, it is important to protect life and prop-erty in the case of disaster and to establish emergency response system to limit damage. It is suggested thatthe emergency response system of China should include the emergency response plan system, the disasterinformation network system, the emergency command system and the urgent rescue system. (1) An emer-gency response plan system is the base of the emergency response system. (2) An exclusive disaster infor-mation network system should be built to secure information gathering and information transmission to thesufferer after the disaster. (3) An emergency command system is in the center of the advanced brain whichdoes an emergency countermeasure based on the analysis of the disaster information. (4) An urgent rescuesystem is necessary under the dangerous and difficult conditions at the time of disaster.