Water policy implementation in the state of São Paulo,Brazil: Key challenges and opportunities |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Commerce, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, and Australian Centre for Sustainable Business and Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;2. International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;1. Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Ecology and IMEM, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States;2. Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Mathematics, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan;2. Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates;3. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar;4. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;5. Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia;1. Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;5. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;6. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil;7. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil;8. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;9. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil;10. Instituto Biotrópicos, Diamantina, MG, Brazil;12. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil;13. Núcleo do PPBio Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil;14. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;15. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;p. Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil;q. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;r. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;s. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;t. Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil;u. PUCRS, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;v. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas & Herbário HSTM, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil;w. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;x. Universidade do Estado de Mato Groso, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil;y. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;z. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;11. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil;22. Departamento de Botânica, SCB, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;33. PPG Desenvolvimento, Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil;44. Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, PA, Brazil;55. Departamento de Biologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil;66. Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil;77. Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luiz, MA, Brazil;88. Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil;99. Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1010. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil;1111. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1212. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil;1313. Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil;1414. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1515. Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil;pp. Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, 79320-900, Brazil;qq. Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil;1. Department of Justice Studies and Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Sk, Canada;2. Governance and Inclusive Development, Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands;1. University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia;2. University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia;3. University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Advanced Engineering and Space Sciences, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Challenges in implementing water planning and management are common, and the effective implementation of integrated water policies is yet to occur. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo enacted a Water Act in 1991 to ensure water availability for current and future generations based on the principles of decentralization, participation and integration. This research addresses water policy implementation issues by conducting an exploratory case study in the state of São Paulo. Factors affecting the water policy implementation process were analyzed, together with some water resources management practices. The findings indicate four dimensions of key challenges: institutional and governance, political, financial and technical. The stakeholders believe the political and the institutional and governance challenges are more important than the technical and financial ones. Additionally, the results show different levels of involvement in the areas of water policy strategy, the planning and decision-making process, and implementation by the different stakeholders groups. Stakeholders external to the water sector and from local government were considered to be less involved in water-related issues, when compared with stakeholders from the water sector. The study recommends a change in current institutional and governance arrangements in order to influence decisions and investments in different levels and sectors. |
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| Keywords: | Policy implementation Water resources management Stakeholders’ involvement São Paulo state Brazil |
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