The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature |
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Authors: | Katarina Elofsson |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable
cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient
nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and
national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of
abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages
in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more
efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries
in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements. |
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Keywords: | Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) Costs Review Eutrophication Hazardous substances |
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