城市生态系统承载力的几种主要评价方法

城市生态系统承载力的研究,对于指导人类社会经济活动、协调人类发展与环境的关系,具有十分重要而迫切的现实意义。目前,城市生态系统承载力的评价方法有：人口承载力、生态足迹和相对承载力。人口承载力在资源承载力和环境承载力的基础上展开研究,以人口数量作为表征;生态足迹将人类所需占用的资源与排放的废物转换为土地面积,以生态生产性土地面积表征;相对承载力将城市生态系统承载力当作一种能力或潜力,将评价结果无量纲化来表示其动态变化趋势。通过总结这三种方法的特点及应用可知,城市生态系统承载力在系统分析方法、阈值性、动态性以及空间分异方面有待进一步研究。

Some Main Methods for Urban Ecosystem Carrying Capacity

Urban ecosystem carrying capacity（ UECC ）is an important theory of Urban Ecology. This article presents three methods for assessing UECC, which are population carrying capacity, ecological footprint and relative carrying capacity. The definition of population carrying capacity is in terms of the acceptability of natural resource and human impacts as measured by the maximum and optimum populations. And the ecological footprint is a measure of the resources we consume expressed in terms of the equivalent productive land area needed to produce them and adsorb the consequent wastes. While the relative carrying capacity is an accounting tool that has no quantity key link. This paper discusses the characterization and the application of these three methods respectively. As a conclusion, further research should be conducted to make a systematic study, and care the spatial difference, the limit and the development of the UECC.