海河流域社会经济发展对河流水质的影响

海河流域社会经济快速发展,主要河流水质恶化.本文基于海河流域人口规模、经济产值和土地利用变化过程,结合河流社会经济发展指标和水质变化统计分析,从流域废污水排放和水资源利用等角度分析社会经济对水环境影响机制.研究表明,流域人口规模大幅增长、工业生产强度大幅提高,工业聚集区由北京-天津地区扩展到北京-天津-唐山、石家庄、聊城-德州等地区,导致海河流域工业废水和生活污水排放规模迅速上升,成为河流水质恶化直接驱动力.城市扩张是流域土地利用变化最显著特征,近30年来城市用地面积增加85%,北京-天津-唐山城市群规模扩大,造成流域水资源开发利强度加剧,降低河流自净缓冲能力.因子分析表明,流域影响河流水质因素分解为农村、城市和自然等3个方面,其中城市化过程和农村社会经济发展对河流水体污染物浓度水平影响非常显著.

The impact of socioeconomic development on the river water quality in the Haihe River Basin

With the rapid socioeconomic development in the Haihe River Basin (HRB), the river water quality deteriorated seriously. Historical data of the population, economic production, and land use in recent decades was collected to analyze impact of socioeconomic development on water environment in the respect of wastewater discharge, as well as water resource utility. The population and industrial production of HRB increased significantly in the last three decades. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan industrial urban cluster expanded and new industrial clusters appeared. The increase of population and economic production resulted in the growth of industrial and domestic wastewater, and thus should be the direct driving force to water quality deterioration. With the urban expansion, 85% of city area, together with the area of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urban agglomeration, was increased, which was the primary characteristic of land use change in HRB, causing intensified water resource utility and reduced self-purification capacity of rivers. It may impose severe impact on the river water quality. The results of factor analysis (FA) showed that the water quality involved socioeconomic factors can be decomposed into three aspects: agriculture, urban and nature, and multiple linear regression indicated that both urban and agriculture factors influenced the water quality of HBR significantly.