海河流域主要污染物排放强度及其源结构解析——以2007年为例

以海河流域污染源普查数据为基础,通过污染物排放量、排放密度和排放行业结构分析,系统解析流域污染源结构.结果表明,流域废污水来源复杂,污染物排放空间差异显著,工业行业结构性污染突出.流域北部废污水排放以生活污水为主,南部以工业废水为主,COD排放以工业源为主.污染物排放空间格局上,COD排放主要集中在北三河、子牙河及徒骇马颊河水系;氨氮排放在子牙河水系高度集中;重金属、氰化物、挥发酚仅在局部区域集中排放.污染物行业结构上,造纸、食品和石化是COD主要排放行业,占排放总量75%;石化、食品和皮革是氨氮排放主要行业,占排放总量80%;重金属主要排放行业为石化、皮革和冶金.根据污染物排放强度分布和排放结构,子牙河水系是海河流域污染治理重点区域,造纸、食品和石化行业是污染负荷削减重点行业.

Structure analysis of river pollution source in the Haihe River Basin

Based on the data of 2007 China Pollution Sources Census (CPSC), the amount, density, and industrial structure of pollutant discharge were collected to systematically analyze the structure of pollution source in HBR. The results indicated that HBR had complex source of wastewater, significant spatial variance of pollutant discharge and obvious dominant industry of pollution discharge. Wastewater in north part of HBR primarily came from domestic wastewater and in south part of HBR from industrial wastewater. However, the main source of COD was industrial wastewater all overall the basin. The hot spots of COD discharging appeared in many area of Beisan River, Ziya River and Tuhaimajia River watershed, with the highest discharging intensity 2.6 t · km^-2. Ammonia was primary discharged in Ziya River watershed, with the highest discharging intensity 0.7 t · km^-2. On the contrary, heavy metals, cyanide and volatile phenol discharged intensively only in some area. The primary discharging industries of COD were paper making, food processing and petrochemistry and they took up 75% of the total COD discharge. Ammonia was mainly discharged by petrochemistry, food processing and leather industry, which took up more than 80% of the total discharge. And heavy metals primarily came from petrochemitry, leather industry and metallurgy. Based on the spatial distribution and industrial structure, the Ziya River should be the key area during the water pollution control of HBR. The primary control industries should include paper making, food processing and petrochemistry.