秸秆炭化还田对滴灌棉田土壤微生物代谢功能及细菌群落组成的影响

通过5 a田间定位试验,研究持续秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对滴灌棉田土壤微生物功能多样性以及细菌群落组成的影响.试验设置3个处理:单施化肥(对照,CK)、秸秆直接还田+化肥(ST)和秸秆炭化还田+化肥(BC).秸秆直接还田和炭化还田均显著提高土壤有机质、全氮及速效养分含量,其中秸秆炭化还田的作用更显著.秸秆直接还田处理土壤微生物碳源代谢活性最高,其次是秸秆炭化还田,均显著高于对照.秸秆直接还田主要促进了碳水化合物类和胺类碳源的代谢;秸秆炭化还田显著提高多聚物类碳源的代谢.秸秆直接还田和炭化还田显著提高土壤细菌群落多样性.与对照相比,秸秆直接还田显著增加变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门以及黄单胞菌科、酸微菌科、微杆菌科和噬纤维菌科的相对丰度;秸秆炭化还田处理酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门以及Blastocatellaceae (Subgroup_4)菌科、芽单胞菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科的相对丰度显著增加.相关性分析表明黄单胞菌科、酸微菌科与碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、胺类碳源代谢显著正相关,噬纤维菌科、微杆菌科与碳水化合物类、胺类碳源代谢显著正相关,Blastocatellaceae (Subgroup_4)菌科、芽单胞菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科与多聚物类碳源代谢显著正相关.持续秸秆炭化还田显著增加滴灌棉田土壤养分,改变细菌群落组成,提高多聚物类碳源的代谢活性.

Effects of Straw Biochar on Soil Microbial Metabolism and Bacterial Community Composition in Drip-irrigated Cotton Field

A five year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of continually returning cotton straw or biochar on microbial metabolic function and bacterial community composition of soil in a cotton field under drip irrigation conditions. The experiment involved three treatments:control (single application of chemical fertilizer, CK), cotton straw (returning of cotton straw plus chemical fertilizer application, ST), and biochar (returning of cotton straw biochar plus chemical fertilizer application, BC). The returning of cotton straw and biochar both significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nutrients, but the effect of returning biochar was more significant. The carbon source metabolic activities of the soil in the ST treatment was the highest, followed by the BC treatment, which was significantly higher than of that in the CK treatment. The returning of cotton straw promoted the metabolism of carbohydrate and amine carbon sources, while biochar significantly increased the metabolism of polymer carbon sources. Compared with the CK treatment, the ST treatment significantly increased the phylum of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and the family of Xanthomonadaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Cytophagaceae. The BC treatment significantly increased the phylum of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and the family of Blastocatellaceae (subgroup 4), Gemmatimonadaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between the relative abundances of Xanthomonadaceae and Acidobacteriaceae and the carbon source metabolic activities of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and amines. The relative abundances of Microbacteriaceae and Cytophagaceae were positively correlated with carbohydrates and amines. There was a significant positive correlation between the relative abundance of Blastocatellaceae (subgroup 4), Gemmatimonadaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae and the carbon metabolism of polymers. These results suggest that the continual returning of biochar increased soil nutrients, change bacterial community composition, and promoted the metabolic activity of polymer carbon sources in the drip-irrigated cotton field.