夏季大气PM2.5中元素特征及源解析:以华中地区平顶山-随州-武汉为例

为研究我国中部地区不同类型城市夏季大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)中元素组成特征及来源,于2017年6月对平顶山、随州和武汉这3个站点空气中的PM_(2.5)进行观测,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对样品中Ti、Zn、Cu、Cr、As、Pb、Fe、Ni、Se、V、Sb、Cd和Co等13种元素进行分析,并结合富集因子法、主成分-多元线性回归分析方法(PCA-MLR)和后向气团轨迹聚类分析模型对3个站点的污染类型及污染来源进行分析.结果表明,平顶山、随州和武汉三地PM_(2.5)的痕量元素中均以Zn元素浓度最高,As元素的浓度均超过环境空气质量标准(GB 3096-2012)年均浓度限值,3个站点的Pb和Cd浓度均较低.富集因子分析结果表明:Se、Sb、Cd、As、Cu和Zn元素富集因子系数均超过10,受人为污染严重,其中3个站点Se元素的富集因子系数均高于600. PCA-MLR和后向气团轨迹聚类分析结果表明:平顶山站点主要受工业污染/燃油(57. 90%)、交通污染源(24. 40%)、燃煤源(6. 10%)和矿区土壤源(11. 60%)等4个污染源影响,随州站点的主要污染来源是燃油源,其贡献率为54. 30%,其次是燃煤源(22. 40%)、冶金尘/工业污染源(12. 80%)及电镀/汽车制造等污染源(10. 50%);武汉站点受工业排放影响最大,其贡献率为60. 80%,机动车污染源的贡献率为39. 20%.武汉和随州站点主要受当地源排放影响,平顶山站点受当地排放和外源汇入共同影响.

Characteristics and Sources of Elements in PM2.5 During Summer for Three Typical Cities in Pingdingshan-Suizhou-Wuhan, Central China

This study investigates the elemental characteristics and sources of aerosol fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples obtained from Pingdingshan, Suizhou, and Wuhan, Central China, in June 2017. Thirteen kinds of elements (Ti, Zn, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Fe, Ni, Se, V, Sb, Cd, and Co) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and three source identification methods-enrichment factor, principle component analysis and multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), and backward trajectory clustering-were applied. The results showed that Zn was the highest trace element in PM_2.5 in samples from Pingdingshan, Suizhou, and Wuhan, and that the concentration of As exceeded the annual limit of Chinese air quality standards (GB 3096-2012). Concentrations of Pb and Cd in PM_2.5 in samples from the three cities during the summer were low. The enrichment factor coefficients for Se, Sb, Cd, As, Cu, and Zn exceeded 10, which suggests that summer pollution from human activities was serious, for example, the enrichment factor coefficient for Se was>600. PCA-MLR and backward trajectory clustering analysis results showed that the main pollution sources in Pingdingshan during the summer were industrial fuel oil (57.90% of total), traffic pollution (24.40%), coal combustion (6.10%), and mine soil (11.60%). The main pollution source in Suizhou was fuel, which contributed 54.30% of the total. Wuhan was mainly affected by industrial emissions (60.80% of the total) and motor vehicle pollution (39.20%). Hence, Wuhan and Suizhou were mainly affected by local source emissions, whereas Pingdingshan was jointly affected by local emissions and regional inputs during the summer.