重庆市景观格局动态变化分析

土地利用/覆盖变化是全球变化研究中的一个重要环节，景观生态学是土地利用/覆盖变化的一个重要的研究手段。以分形理论为指导，利用景观生态学的相关指标，在遥感和地理信息技术的支持下,研究重庆市景观格局的变化。采用1995和2000年Landsat TM/ETM影像为基础数据，提取并建立土地利用空间数据库，应用景观空间格局分形模型，获取景观类型的分形维数和稳定性指数以及景观多样性指数、分离度指数、破碎度指数、均匀度指数和优势度等指标。结果表明：水田、旱地、水域等土地类型的分形维数在研究时间段内有明显上升，有林地、灌木林地和草地等景观要素类型的分形维数降低；景观多样性和破碎度指数以及均匀度略有增加，而优势度指数下降；分形维数和破碎度指数呈极显著正相关。最后为重庆市景观格局的持续发展提出了若干建议。

DYNAMIC CHANGES OF LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN THE CITY OF CHONGQING

Land use/cover change as part of the global environment change has been the focus of considera- ble attention for a long time,and landscape ecological analysis is one of the most important research meth- ods. In this paper,based on fractal theory,GIS and remote sensing imagines,the changes of landscape pat- tern of Chongqing City was analyzed in detail by using related indexes of landscape ecology. Taking land- scape pattern fractal model and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995 and 2000 as the basic data, the spatial- temporal database of land use in Chongqing City was established; and using fractal model of landscape pat- tern,fractal dimension and stability index of landscape pattern, landscape diversity index, landscape apart- ness index,landscape fragmentation index, landscape evenness index and landscape dominance index were obtained. The results showed that during the research period, the fractal dimensions of paddy fields, dry land and wet areas increased obviously, whereas for forest land, shrubbery land and grass land, the fractal dimensions decreased. For all types of land,the values of landscape diversity index and landscape apartness index have increased but landscape dominance index value has rather decreased. Meanwhile it was found that the relation between fractal dimension and landscape fragmentation index showed significant positive correlation. Finally,some advices for the sustainable development of landscape pattern in Chongqing City were put forward.