应对气候变化法的立法探究

为了实现碳排放达峰目标和碳中和愿景,明确应对气候变化的法律地位、工作目标和法律要求,规定部门职责及温室气体排放权的法律属性与交易机制,分解工作目标并开展评价考核,彰显国家应对气候的法治决心,亟须制定综合性基础法律——应对气候变化法。该法的制定已具备充足的研究起草基础和下位法支撑,建议尽快纳入全国人大常委会立法计划,并启动《环境保护法》等相关法律的修改。本文建议,将低碳发展和碳排放达峰、碳中和等纳入立法目的,设立总则、规划与标准、气候变化减缓、气候变化适应、管理和监督、国际合作、法律责任、附则八章,合理设立规范重点。健全统一监管与部门分工负责的体制和基金筹集、市场交易、社会共治等机制,全面构建国内应对气候变化管理制度体系,部署国际协商与合作措施,设置地方政府工作目标责任,对违法行为规定罚则。

Research on the Legislation of the Act of Addressing Climate Change

In order to achieve the carbon emission peak target and carbon neutrality vision,clarify the legal status,work objectives and legal requirements for addressing climate change,stipulate the legal attributes and trading mechanisms of departmental responsibilities and greenhouse gas emission rights,and demonstrate China’s determination to deal with climate by the rule of law,it is urgent to formulate a comprehensive basic law—the Act of Addressing Climate Change.The formulation of the law has sufficient research and drafting basis and subordinate law support,it is suggested that it should be included in the legislative plan of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress as soon as possible,and the amendment of the environmental protection law and other relevant laws should be initiated.Low-carbon development and emission peaks,carbon neutrality,etc.should be incorporated into the legislative purpose,and eight chapters including general principles,planning and standards,climate change mitigation,climate change adaptation,management and supervision,international cooperation,legal responsibility and supplementary provisions should be established to set up rationally regulated priorities.The unified supervision and departmental division of labor system,and fund raising,market transactions,social governance and other mechanisms should be improved,a domestic climate change management system should be comprehensively built,the international consultation and cooperation measures should be deployed,the target responsibility of local government work should be set up to stipulate the penalty for illegal acts.