遗产旅游地生态移民影响的实证研究——以武陵源风景名胜区为例

生态移民是近年来诸多景区为保护生态环境而采取的重要举措之一。以世界遗产地武陵源风景名胜区为例，通过对安置点居民的问卷调查与实地访谈获取第一手资料，从居民感知的角度分析生态移民给安置区居民所带来的经济、社会文化、资源环境、心理及安置政策等方面的影响及其相关因素。构建生态移民影响的感知差异分析模型，探讨不同基本背景的居民对生态移民影响的感知差异性。结果表明，安置点居民对生态移民的社会文化、资源环境以及心理层面的正面影响比较认可；对于经济影响的感知分歧较大；而对于移民政策的感知十分消极；不同性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平以及不同旅游业参与程度的居民对生态移民影响的认知态度存在显著差异。在此基础上，指出武陵源生态移民过程中所存在的主要问题及相关政策导向

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL MIGRATION AT WORLD HERITAGE DESTINATIONS ——A CASE STUDY OF WULINGYUAN SCENIC AREA

Ecological migration is one of the most important actions adopted by many tourist areas in recent years in order to protect the ecological environment.Taking Wulingyuan Scenic Area as an example,the paper collects first-hand data by questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation at the resettlement spots,and analyses the residents’ perceptions of the economic,socio-cultural,environmental,psychological and policy impact from the ecological migration in Wulingyuan Scenic Area.On the basis of the evaluation model concerning perception deviation of ecological migration impact,the perceptions from different residents’ properties or attributes are also discussed.The study comes to following conclusions:most residents are in favor of the positive socio-cultural,environmental and psychological impact;there is a big difference of opinions on the economic impact;negative comments exist on the migration policies;residents’ perceptions are also affected by the properties or attributes such as sex,age and cultural level,the way for resettlement as well as the degree of tourism participation.Based on the above analysis,relative countermeasures are proposed for the most serious problems existing in the ecological migration of Wulingyuan Scenic Area in order to achieve sustainable development.