降尺度与融合化：环境空间管控转型与体系优化——代“环境空间管控研究”专栏序言

由于经济增长与污染物排放增加尚未脱钩，当前中国环境保护与污染防治的结构性、根源性压力尚未根本缓解，在生产生活污染源头治理上仍然面临排污基数大、溢出效应强、空间跨度广等难题，亟需强化污染源管控精准落地、建立健全面向污染源头的环境空间管控体系，以降尺度与融合化空间管控形成更加精准、严格、高效的环境空间管控制度，系统提升环境空间治理效能.本文基于区域环境功能和环境承载力视角分析了环境空间管控体系的科学基点及优化逻辑，从降尺度建立分区分级管控体系、形成融合化环境管理机制、嵌入多层级国土空间规划体系、夯实环境空间管控信息化支撑等方面提出新时期环境空间管控转型与体系优化路径.此外，研究团队结合典型城市化地区和重点生态功能区的案例实证，从人类生产生活污染物排放过程和格局入手，按照"驱动机制解析—分区分类管控—环境效应评估"的主线设置了"环境空间管控研究"专栏，以期为污染物源头减排及环境空间管控技术方法探索、环境综合治理策略制定提供参考依据.

Downscaling and integration: Transformation and system optimization of environmental spatial governance

As economic growth and increase in environmental pollutants have not been decoupled, the structural and root causes of pressure on environmental protection and pollution prevention in China have not yet been fundamentally alleviated. The management of production and living pollution sources is still facing the large total emissions of pollutants, strong spillover effects, wide spatial scope, and other challenges in China. There is an urgent need to strengthen the precise implementation of pollution source control and establish a sound environmental spatial governance system oriented to emission reduction of pollution sources. A more accurate, strict, and efficient spatial governance system should be formed with downscaling and integration to systematically improve the effectiveness of environmental spatial governance. This paper analyzes the scientific basis and optimization logic of environmental spatial governance system based on the perspective of the regional environmental functions and environmental carrying capacity, and proposes the transformation and system optimization paths in the new era from the aspects of downscaling to establish zoning and grading governance system, forming integrated environmental management mechanism, embedding in the multi-scale spatial planning system, and consolidating information support of environmental spatial governance. In addition, based on the case studies of typical urbanized areas and key ecological function areas, our research team set up the "Environmental Spatial Governance Research" column as the principal line of "Driving mechanism analysis-Zoning and classification governance-Environmental effect assessment" in Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, with a view to providing a reference for the exploration of technology of pollutant source reduction and methods of environmental spatial governance, and the formulation of comprehensive environmental management strategies.