长江中游城市群生态承载力差异的比较研究

基于生态足迹模型方法，对2008～2017年长江中游城市群生态承载力的差异性进行了比较研究，研究发现：（1）长江中游城市群整体及湖北、湖南、江西省域人均生态足迹呈现“倒U型”特征，在3个省份中，湖北省域人均生态足迹最高，湖南、江西较接近；（2）长江中游城市群整体及湖北省域人均生态承载力呈现逐年上升态势，湖南省域、江西省域总体人均生态承载力呈现微弱下降态势，且江西省域最高、湖北省域次之、湖南省域最低，社会经济发展水平越高的城市，人均生态承载力就越小，生物资源项目比重较高；（3）各省域生态赤字水平均呈现逐渐扩大的趋势，湖北省域最高、湖南省域次之，江西省域最低，且第一梯队的城市主要分布在湖北省域，第四梯队的城市主要分布在湖南省域和江西省域；（4）各省域生态压力指数发展趋势呈现明显的“倒U型”特征，湖北省域最大，湖南省域次之，江西省域最小；（5）各省域生态压力指数发展趋势呈现明显的“U型”特征，江西省域最大，湖南省域次之，湖北省域最小。鉴于此，本文从优化能源消费结构、集约化土地使用结构、差别化使用土地等方面提出相关的对策建议。

Study on the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

Based on the method of ecological footprint model, this paper makes a comparative study on the difference of ecological carrying capacity of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2008 to 2017,it is found that:(1) the overall ecological footprint of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces shows an inverted U-shaped feature. Among the three provinces, Hubei Province has the highest ecological footprint, while Hunan and Jiangxi are relatively close .(2) the overall per capita ecological carrying capacity of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Hubei Province is increasing year by year, while the overall per capita ecological carrying capacity of Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province is decreasing slightly, the cities with the highest per capita ecological carrying capacity, the second highest in Hubei Province and the lowest in Hunan Province, the higher the level of social and economic development, the higher the proportion of biological resources projects;(3) the average ecological deficit level of each province is gradually expanding, with the highest in Hubei Province, the second in Hunan Province and the lowest in Jiangxi Province, and the cities in the first echelon are mainly distributed in Hubei Province, the cities of the fourth echelon are mainly distributed in Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province;(4) the developing trend of ecological pressure index of each province presents obvious “inverted u” type, Hubei Province is the largest, Hunan Province is the second, Jiangxi Province is the smallest;(5) the development trend of ecological pressure index of each province presents obvious “U” type characteristic, Jiangxi Province is the largest, Hunan Province is the second, Hubei Province is the smallest. In view of this, this paper from the optimization of energy consumption structure, intensive land use structure, differentiated use of land and other aspects of the relevant countermeasures and recommendations.