硒对水稻吸收积累和转运锰、铁、磷和硒的影响

采用土壤盆栽法研究硒对水稻吸收积累和转运锰、铁、磷和硒的影响.结果表明,土壤添加Se可导致水稻铁膜、根系、茎叶、谷壳和糙米中Se含量显著提高,水稻茎叶、谷壳和糙米中Mn含量显著降低.当土壤添加0.5 mg·kg-1Se和1.0mg·kg-1Se时,水稻茎叶Mn含量分别比对照处理降低32.2%和35.0%,谷壳Mn含量分别降低22.0%和42.6%,糙米Mn含量分别降低27.5%和28.5%.Se对水稻各部位的P和Fe(除谷壳外)含量影响不大.土壤添加Se对水稻铁膜、根系、茎叶和谷壳向糙米转运P和Fe的影响均不显著,但Se添加可以显著地降低水稻铁膜和根系向糙米中转运Mn的能力.与对照相比,土壤添加1.0 mg·kg-1Se导致Mn由铁膜和根系向糙米中的转运系数分别降低38.9%和37.9%.添加Se对水稻铁膜、根系、茎叶、谷壳和糙米中Mn、Fe、P和Se的分配比率也产生不同程度的影响.研究结果暗示可通过土壤添加Se来减少水稻对Mn的吸收积累和转运,从而降低Mn通过食物链途径对人体健康造成危害.

Effect of Selenium on the Uptake and Translocation of Manganese, Iron, Phosphorus and Selenium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of selenium on the uptake and translocation of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) and selenium (Se) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results showed that addition of Se led to the significant increase of Se concentration in iron plaque on the root surface, root, shoot, husk and brown rice, and significant decrease of Mn concentration in shoot, husk and brown rice. At the Se concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg^-1 in soil, Mn concentrations in rice shoot decreased by 32.2% and 35.0% respectively, in husk 22.0% and 42.6%, in brown rice 27.5% and 28.5%, compared with the Se-free treatment. There was no significant effect of Se on the P and Fe concentrations in every parts of rice, except for Fe concentrations in husk. The translocation of P and Fe from iron plaque, root, shoot and husk to brown rice was not significantly affected by Se addition, but Mn translocation from iron plaque and root to brown rice was significantly inhibited by Se addition. Addition of 1.0 mg·kg^-1 Se resulted in the decrease of translocation factor from iron plaque and root to brown rice by 38.9% and 37.9%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The distribution ratios of Mn, Fe, P and Se in iron plaque, root, shoot, husk and brown rice were also affected by Se addition. The results indicated that Mn uptake, accumulation and translocation in rice could be decreased by the addition of Se in soil, therefore, Se addition could reduce the Mn harm to human health through food chain.