我国工业废水重金属排放的等标负荷特征分析

结合全国第一次污染源普查数据,利用等标污染负荷的方法,从污染物类别、空间分布、行业排放、耦合特征4个方面,分析了2007年全国工业污染源废水重金属污染物的排放特征。结果表明,等标负荷大小排序依次为总铬,砷,镉,铅,汞,等标负荷法较总量统计方法更能科学反映我国现阶段工业废水重金属排放特征;2007年重金属等标负荷和单位增加值等标负荷排序结果不完全相同,两者最大的省区分别是广东省和湖南省,最大的行业均是金属制品业。我国应将广东、湖南、浙江等八大重点省区,金属制品、有色冶炼等四大主要防控行业,总铬、砷、镉3类主要污染物作为废水重金属污染物减排的重点;尤其应将广东省金属制品业总铬排放,湖南省有色冶炼业镉、砷和铅排放及浙江省皮革制品业总铬排放作为重中之重。

Equal Standard Pollution Load of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater in China

Based on data of the first national survey of pollution sources,equal standard pollution load index was used to analyze the characteristics of heavy metals from industrial wastewater in 2007,including pollutant species,spatial distribution,industrial contribution and coupling characteristics.Results indicated that the order of average heavy metal equal standard pollution load in 2007 was Cr,As,Cd,Pb and Hg from the largest to the smallest.Compared with total amount of statistical method,equal standard pollution load is more reasonable for reflecting characteristics of heavy metal from industrial wastewater.Compared with other regions,Guangdong Province and Hunan Province occupied the highest proportions of pollution load and pollution load per industrial value-added,while manufacture of metal products(MMP)industry was the primary industry.Efforts should be made to reduce heavy metals in industrial wastewater with focus on 8 major control regions such as Guangdong,Hunan and Zhejiang,4 major control industrial sectors such as metal product and non-ferrous smeltery,and 3 major pollutants such as Cr,As and Cd,especially Cr discharged from MMP in Guangdong,as well as Cd,As,Pb discharged from smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals in Hunan and Cr discharged from manufacture of leather,fur,feather and related products should be considered top priority.