石油和重金属污染土壤的微生物修复研究进展

土壤石油和重金属污染严重,需要合适的修复技术,微生物技术在修复污染土壤方面有广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了石油污染土壤的微生物修复相关技术-生物刺激、生物强化、固定化微生物、微生物-植物联合修复以及电动-微生物联合修复,分析了现有工作的不足,预测了研究趋势;介绍了修复重金属污染土壤的微生物吸附技术及微生物-植物、化学钝化-微生物联用技术,阐述了修复过程对重金属的形态和生物可利用性的影响,指出了现有研究的缺陷和可开展的工作。在此基础上,扼要分析了石油与重金属的交互作用和污染效应,提出了两者复合污染土壤微生物修复技术的研究方向,为微生物修复技术的应用和推广提供了一定的思路。

Remediation of Oil and Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils With Microorganisms

Oil and heavy metal pollution in soil are growing severe and safe and effective remediation techniques are needed.Microorganism technique is attracting increasing interest due to its advantages.In the present article,microorganism remediation techniques for oil-polluted soils were introduced,including biostimulation,bioaugmentation,immobilized microorganism,microorganism-plant combined technique,and electro-bioremediation.The limitation of recent researches was discussed and their research trend was predicted.Microorganism remediation techniques for heavy metal-polluted soils were also introduced,which includes microorganism biosorption,microorganism-plant combined technique,and chemical amendment-microorganism immobilization.The effect of their remediation on chemical forms and bioavailability of heavy metal in soils were analyzed.The questions that need to study and solve were discussed.On this basis,the interaction between oil and heavy metal in soils were stated.Some research directions for combined pollution remediation were put forward to solve the problems.Therefore,ideas can be provided for application and popularization of microorganism technology in soil remediation.