Bacterial communities of the marine sponges Hymeniacidon heliophila and Polymastia janeirensis and their environment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Authors: | Aline S Turque Alexander M Cardoso Cynthia B Silveira Ricardo P Vieira Flávia A D Freitas Rodolpho M Albano Alessandra M Gonzalez Rodolfo Paranhos Guilherme Muricy Orlando B Martins |
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Institution: | 1. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4. Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/no., S?o Cristóv?o, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
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Abstract: | In this study we performed a survey of the bacterial communities associated with the Western Atlantic demosponges Hymeniacidon heliophila and Polymastia janeirensis, based on 16S rRNA sequencing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We compared diversity and composition of the sponge-associated
bacteria to those of environmental bacteria, represented by free-living bacterioplankton and by bacteria attached to organic
particulate matter in superficial sediments. Partial bacterial 16S rRNA sequences from seawater, sediment, and sponges were
retrieved by PCR, cloning, and sequencing. Sequences were subjected to rarefaction analyses, phylogenetic tree construction,
and LIBSHUFF quantitative statistics to verify coverage and similarity between libraries. Community structure of the free-living
bacterioplankton was phylogenetically different from that of the sponge-associated bacterial assemblages. On the other hand,
some sediment-attached bacteria were also found in the sponge bacterial community, indicating that sponges may incorporate
bacteria together with sediment particles. Rare and few prokaryotic morphotypes were found in TEM analyses of sponge mesohyl
matrix of both species. Molecular data indicate that bacterial richness and diversity decreases from bacterioplankton, to
particulate organic sediment, and to H. heliophila and P. janeirensis. Sponges from Rio de Janeiro harbor a pool of novel and exclusive sponge-associated bacterial taxa. Sponge-associated bacterial
communities are composed of both taxons shared by many sponge groups and by species-specific bacteria. |
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