人工纳米材料的生物效应及其对生态环境的影响

人工纳米材料由于具有独特的物理化学性质而得到广泛的应用,其对人体健康及环境的潜在影响也已引起科学界及政府部门的关注.通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,分类归纳了目前国内外对一些常见的人工纳米材料如富勒烯、碳纳米管、量子点、二氧化钛、纳米铁材料及纳米铝材料的生物和生态效应研究,详细总结了纳米材料毒理学的研究对象、研究方法以及最新研究成果,同时分析了各种纳米材料生物毒性的可能机制,最后对纳米材料安全性今后的研究方向进行了展望.

The Biological Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials and Their Effects on Eco-Environment

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the manufactured nanomaterials show the remarkable influences on the people’s life. The potential influences of manufactured nanomaterials(MNMs)on human health and environment have received great concerns from both scientists and governments, because they can enter the environment and human body easily through various ways. The safety of the manufactured nanomaterials has raised great concerns by scientists and governments. This paper primarily summarizes the domestic and international studies on the toxicity of the manufactured nanomaterials, including fullerene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, titanium dioxide, etc. The objects, methods and results of these related researches are also summarized. Possible toxic mechanisms are given, and the future research direction of nanotoxicity is prospected.