神农架大九湖亚高山湿地环境背景与生态恢复

针对神农架林区大九湖亚高山湿地退化问题，在联合科学考察基础上，分析区域环境背景状况及生态退化原因，提出湿地保护、利用和生态恢复相关建议。调查内容包括：区域地形地貌状况，地质构造、地层、岩溶发育规律和落水洞分布状况，河流水系的分布、流量变化和水质状况，沼生植被的分布和演替规律，湿地演变过程及人类活动对湿地影响等方面。〖JP2〗研究发现：神农架大九湖湿地演变和土地利用结构变化受水利工程直接影响，1986年以来大规模开挖人工沟渠、疏通落水孔、排干沼泽开垦种植等活动，是湿地生态环境退化的重要因素；湿地退化主要反映为湖泊水面消失、沼泽湿地退化、湿地生态系统向陆生生态系统演化，生物多样性减少，泥炭资源遭受破坏，水质下降。根据调查结果，从原则、措施方案、管理机构、产业、资金等方面对大九湖湿地的保护、利用和生态恢复提出建议。

ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF THE DAJIUHU SUB-ALPINE WETLAND IN MT.SHENNONGJIA

For the restoration of Dajiuhu sub-alpine wetland in Mt.Shennongjia,wetland environmental background and degradation factors were estimated,and then proposals about wetland protection,utilization and ecological restoration were put forward based on a joint scientific investigation.Items of the investigation include geomorphology/topography,geological structure,stratum,karst and swallow holes,water quality,runoff,wetland vegetation,wetland evolvement and human activities.It showed that the irrigation works and land-use changes directly influenced wetland evolvement.The activities from 1986 such as ditches digging,holes dredging and bog draining are the main factors resulting in wetland ecological degradation.Lakes disappearing,bog shrinking,bio-diversity decreasing,sphagnum demolishing,water quality deteriorating and wetland ecosystem changing to terrestrial ecosystems are the main appearance of the wetland degradation.According to these findings of the investigation,related principles,projects,organization and fund on countermeasures to wetland protection and ecological restoration were presented at last.