碳排放约束下的农业生产效率及其空间格局——基于河南省65个村庄的调查

基于村庄尺度探索碳排放约束下的农业生产效率,对于差别化的低碳农业生产模式的选择具有一定的理论和实践意义。基于河南省65个村庄的调查数据,对不同样点的农业碳排放进行了核算,并采用Super-SBM模型分析了碳排放约束下的农业生产效率的差异。结果表明：河南省农业碳排放强度呈现“南北高,中间低”的空间分布格局,这主要受种植结构、农业生产条件、人类各项投入等因素的影响;碳排放约束下的河南省农业生产效率具有较大的空间差异,根据农业生产效率和碳排放强度的关系,可将样点村庄分为低碳高效村、高碳低效村、高碳高效村和低碳低效村四种类型。其中高碳低效村和低碳低效村的比例较大。建议未来应加强农业规模化经营、减少能源和物资投入、完善农业基础设施、推广节水节能新技术,在提高农业生产效率的同时推动农业低碳发展。

Agricultural production efficiency and spatial pattern under carbon emission constraint: Based on 65 villages of Henan province

Exploring agricultural production efficiency under the constraint of carbon emissions based on village scale not only helps to reveal the relationship between carbon emission at the micro unit level and agricultural production efficiency, but also has certain practical significance for the choice of differentiated low-carbon agricultural production mode. Based on the survey data obtained from 65 villages in Henan province, this paper calculated the agricultural carbon emission at different sample villages, and analyzed differences in agricultural production efficiency under the constraint of carbon emission using Super-SBM model. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural carbon emission intensity in the study area is "high in the north and south, but low in the middle", which is mainly affected by planting structure, agricultural production conditions, and human inputs. (2) Intensive use and large-scale operation of land will reduce the energy and material input per unit area, thereby reducing agricultural carbon emission intensity. (3) There are great spatial differences in agricultural production efficiency under the constraint of carbon emissions. The average agricultural production efficiency of the sample villages is 0.76, and the most areas are between 0.6 and 0.8. (4) According to the relationship between agricultural production efficiency and carbon emission intensity, the sample villages can be divided into four types: low carbon and high efficiency villages, high carbon and low efficiency villages, high carbon and high efficiency villages and low carbon and low efficiency villages. Among them, the two types of high carbon and low carbon inefficient villages account for a large proportion, which indicates that there is a widespread problem of low agricultural production efficiency in Henan. In the future, we should strengthen large-scale agricultural operations, reduce energy and material input, improve agricultural infrastructure, and advance new technologies for water saving and energy conservation, so as to promote the low-carbon development of agriculture while improving the efficiency of agricultural production.