黄淮海平原农区宅基地扩展时空特征及整治潜力分析——以禹城市5个村庄为例

综合遥感解译、宗地调查和入户问卷调查方法,研究黄淮海平原农区禹城市5个村庄的宅基地时空演变特征和不同退出标准的宅基地整治潜力和整治效果。研究结果表明：（1）改革开放以来,农村宅基地经历了剧烈扩张,调研村庄的宅基地平均扩张了3.7倍。2015年户均宅基地高达1.6宗,30.8%的农户存在“一户多宅”现象,28.5%的房屋被闲置或废弃。（2）2000年以前,调研村庄的宅基地空间扩张模式以飞地式为主,2000年后被填充式和蔓延式所取代。分村庄来看,宅基地空间扩张受到主要交通干线布局、土地资源禀赋和村庄初始布局等因素的影响。（3）调研村庄宅基地整治具有较大的理论潜力,可节约56%的村庄居住用地。基于两套退出标准方案的宅基地整治可分别节约26%和36%的村庄居住用地,但均与理论潜力存在较大差距。（4）未来宅基地试点改革亟需在推进转移人口市民化、建立宅基地退出补偿价值体系、探索退出的宅基地转化为集体经营性建设用地的办法等宏观体制机制推进,并在微观层面依据农户就业结构和土地资源禀赋分类施策。

The spatio-temporal characteristics and consolidation potential of rural housing land in farming area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain: The cases of five villages in Yucheng city

Based on the remote sensing interpretation, parcel investigation and questionnaire survey methods, this article analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics of rural housing land of five villages in Yucheng city in the farming area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and compares the consolidation potential and effect between different exit criteria. The results showed that: (1) Since the reform and opening up, the rural housing land has expanded dramatically. In the surveyed villages, the area of rural housing land has expanded by 3.7 times. In 2015, average household occupied 1.6 plots of rural housing land, which formed the phenomenon of "one household with multiple houses". In the end, the degree of idleness of rural housing land was as high as 28.5%. (2) Before 2000, the expansion of the rural housing land of the surveyed villages was dominated by the enclave mode, which was replaced by the filled and spread modes after 2000. In terms of villages, the spatial expansion of rural housing land was affected by factors such as the layout of major traffic routes, the endowment of land resources, and the initial layout of villages. (3) The theoretical consolidation potential of rural housing land is huge, saving 56% of the residential land. Two sets of the exit criteria of rural housing land can save 26% and 36% of the residential land, respectively. However, there was a large gap between the realistic potential and the theoretical potential. (4) In the future, it is necessary to explore the macro-institutional mechanisms such as the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population, the compensation system for the exited rural housing land, and the transition of the exited rural housing land to the profitable collective constructive land. At the micro level, the pilot reform should be carried out according to the employment structure of the farmer and local land resource endowment.