2006—2018年中国省级以上开发区的空间分布特征变化

以新的国土空间规划语境为背景,基于核密度估计、标准差椭圆法和分类统计对我国2006—2018年省级以上开发区的密度分布特征变化、发展重心轴向的变化和主体功能区视角下的分布变化做了分析。研究表明：该阶段我国省级以上开发区空间分布的东西差距得到一定缓解,仍存在东部连片集聚、西部据点集中的模式差异。开发区分布的总体重心已经向西北方向移动,发展轴向则由原来的南北轴向转向了东南—西北轴向。从主体功能区视角来看,开发区空间分布格局呈现出外围扩散与局部缩减的动态调整。开发区规模的增长主要集中在重点开发区域,缩减主要发生在生态功能区域。这些新变化将为我国国土空间土地利用优化和国土空间管控实践提供重要参考。

The changes of the spatial distribution of China's national and provincial development zones from 2006 to 2018

In the new context of the territorial spatial planning in China, this paper applies Kernel Density Estimation, Standard Deviational Ellipse and categorical statistics to examine the changes of the spatial distribution of China's national and provincial development zones from 2006 to 2018. In terms of density distribution, it reveals that the East-West gap eased, but the spatial distribution pattern still differed during this period. The spatial distribution of China's national and provincial development zones has gradually shifted from an area-agglomeration pattern to a corridor-agglomeration pattern in the central and eastern regions of China; and in the western and northern regions a centered agglomeration pattern is emerging. In a general sense, the overall barycenter of the spatial distribution of development zones has been moving towards the northwest, and the development axis has shifted from the previous north-south direction to the southeast-northwest axis. This shift is driven by macro-level policy and spatial regulation based on major function-oriented zones, and will in turn affect the formulation of new land use control policies. From the perspective of major function-oriented zones, the spatial distribution of China's development zones undergoes a dynamic adjustment of diffusing to the periphery and shrinking in some local areas. The areal growth of the development zones is mainly concentrated in the key development areas with a spatial clustering pattern, such as Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In contrast, the areal decrease of the development zones mainly occurs in the ecological function areas, and the spatial distribution is scatter-featured. These places mainly include Shandong, Fujian, Jilin, Heilongjiang and some others. These new changes in the spatial distribution of development zones can be an important reference for China's territorial land use control practice and land use optimization and management, which are the key themes in the transformation period of China's territorial spatial planning.