Response mechanism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to nanoscale bismuth oxyiodide (nano-BiOI): Integrating analysis of mineral nutrient metabolism and metabolomics |
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Authors: | Chen Li Yan Huang Jinlong Lai Yang Huang Xuegang Luo Xu Yang Zewei Liu Yue Duan |
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Institution: | College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;School of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;School of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Mianyang 621010, China |
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Abstract: | Nanoscale bismuth oxyiodide (nano-BiOI) is widely studied and applied in environmental applications and biomedical fields, with the consequence that it may be deposited into aquatic environments. However, the impact of nano-BiOI on aquatic ecosystems, especially freshwater microalga, remains limited. Herein, the nano-BiOI was synthesized and its response mechanism towards microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was evaluated. Results showed that a low concentration of nano-BiOI (5 mg/L) could stimulate algal growth at the early stage of stress. With the increase in concentration, the growth rate of algal cells was inhibited and showed a dose effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced and accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation, decreased nonspecific esterase activity, and significantly upregulated glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) activity. Mineral nutrient metabolism analysis showed that nano-BiOI significantly interfered with the mineral nutrients of the algae. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 35 different metabolites (DEMs, 22 upregulated, and 13 downregulated) under 100 mg/L BiOI stress. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that a high concentration of nano-BiOI significantly induced metabolic pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and glutathione biosynthesis, and significantly inhibited the sterol biosynthesis pathway. This finding will contribute to understanding the toxicological mechanisms of nano-BiOI on C. reinhardtii. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author Nano-BiOI Mineral nutrient Metabolomics |
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