基于遥感影像的1992—2002年昆明市城区扩张及驱动力分析

以TM＼ETM＋遥感影像为数据源，利用ERDAS软件经过几何校正、图像增强等处理，得到比较清晰的昆明市的遥感影像，再对其进行非监督分类，得到昆明市土地利用分类图，在土地利用分类图的基础上进行二值化处理。提取出1992年和2002昆明市主城区图，并把二者叠加，生成1992年-2002年昆明市城区城市扩张图。通过计算得出：1992年面积约为193．16km^2，同样可计算出2002年面积为258．09km^2，以年平均增长率为3．36％的速度迅速扩展，建成区扩展弹性系数为0．85，处于相对协调期，但要略低于合理值。扩展方向主要为以老城区为核心向东南、西南和东北三个方向呈“星形”扩展。通过综合分析影响昆明市扩展的各种因素发现：自然因素、交通因素是城市扩展的条件和基础，社会经济是城市扩展的内在推动力，规划、政策等对扩展起引导作用。

The Urban Area Expansion And Analyses of Its Driving Forces Based on Remote Sensing Images of Kunming City from 1992 to 2002

Taking TM／ETM ＋ remote sensing images as a data source and using ERDAS software to.proceed the geometric correction, image enhancement and so on to obtain more clear Kunming remote sensing images. To get the land use classification map of Kunming by non - supervised classification, Basing on it to extract the Urban Area Map of Kunming by binarization in 1992 and 2002, and overlay the two map to generate 1992 - 2002 Kunming City urban expansion map. The result of calculating the area in 1992 and 2002 is 193. 16 km^2 and 258.09 km^2. The annual average expanding rate is 3.36 percent. Elasticity of the expansion of built - up area for Kunming is 0.85. It is a relative coordinate period, but slightly lower than the reasonable value. It is not difficult to find that the main direction for the expansion of the old city is to the Chenggong County in the southeast of Kunming, southwest and northeast. Three directions of the expansion is just like a ＂star＂. Through the expansion of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of various factors in Kunming found that natural factors are the limiting factors and transport factors are the conditions in urban expanding. Socio - economic is the internal driving force for urban expansion. Urban planning and policy justly guide the expansion of urban area.